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P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a conductor

A

material that allows flow of electric current through it

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2
Q

What is a insulator

A

material that does not allow flow of electric current through it (e.g. wood, plastics, glass)

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3
Q

What is an electric field

A

A region in which an electric charge experiences a force

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4
Q

What is a current

A

the flow of charge per second

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5
Q

What is voltage

A
  • energy transferred per coulomb of charge that passes
  • measured between two points in a circuit.
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6
Q

What is electrical motive force

A
  • electrical work done by source
  • in moving unit of charge around complete circuit
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7
Q

What is a Parallel circuit

A

circuit in which the voltage across each component is the same (current likely to differ)

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8
Q

What is a series circuit

A

circuit in which the current through each component is the same (voltage likely to differ)

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9
Q

What is a charge

A

A property of matter which is positive or negative

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10
Q

What is resistance

A
  • measure of the difficulty of passing an electrical current through material
  • Calculate from Resistance = voltage (or p.d.)/current
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11
Q

What is Ohm’s law

A
  • voltage across a component directly proportional to current through it
  • provided the temperature remains constant
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12
Q

What is Conventional Current

A

The current that (theoretically) flows from the positive side of the battery to the negative.

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13
Q

What is Real Current Flow

A

Referring to the actual flow of electrons from the negative side of the battery to the positive.

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14
Q

What is Electrical energy

A

Transfer of energy allows work to be done within a circuit. Measured in Joules.

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15
Q

What types of charges exist

A

postive and negative

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16
Q

What happens when opposite charges are introduced

A

they’re attracted

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17
Q

What happens when similar charges are introduced

A

they repel each other

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18
Q

Why are conductors able to conduct

A

allows negatively charged electrons to flow through it

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19
Q

Why do insulator prevent conduct

A

does not allow electrons to flow. Electrons are still present in an insulator but are normally stationary or “static”

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20
Q

What is static electricity

A

accumulation of charge

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21
Q

How does static electricity occur

A

When 2 insulators rub against each other

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22
Q

What can friction cause

A

electrons to be removed from the surface of an insulator leaving it positive

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23
Q

What can be also a possibilty due to friction

Study These Flashcards
A

Electrons to be added surface of an insulator making it negative, because there are now more electrons than protons.

24
Q

What does charging an object mean

Study These Flashcards
A

adding or removing electrons

25
EXamples of conductors
silver, gold, steel, aluminium, and others
26
EXamples of insulators
Plastic, wood, e.t.c
27
State a simple experiment on electrostatic charges by friction
Rub a balloon on your hair for about 30 seconds Hold the balloon near small pieces of paper or a hair strand Observe how the paper or hair is attracted to the balloon Interpretation: Friction between the balloon and hair transfers electrons from the hair to the balloon, making the balloon negatively charged The negatively charged balloon attracts the positively charged paper or hair, demonstrating electrostatic attraction
28
What do electric circuits do
transfer energy from one place to another using moving charges
29
What are 4 components of a circuit
a source, a load, conductors/wires, and a switch
30
What function does a source do
puts electrical energy into a circuit there are 2 common types a cell and a battery
31
what is a load p3
components or devices that use the electrical energy and convert it into another form. For example a bulb, resistor, heater, e.t.c
32
What are the functions of a conductor
connect the components. We assume that they have no resistance and electricity flows easily through them
33
what function does a switch have
controls the flow of electricity
34
What loop is required for electricity to flow
a close loop where the wires connect to the negative and positive end of the source
35
What qualifies as a series circuit
When there's only one path for the charges to follow
36
What qualifies as a parralel circuit
there are multiple paths for the current to flow. You will see junctions in the circuit. Junctions being where charges join together
37
How are circuits analyzed
In conventional current flow where we assume that charges come from the positive end of the source
38
What units are charges in
C, coloumbs it's what electrons carry
39
What units is a current in
A, amps the rate flow of charges
40
how to find current of a circuit
charge/time
41
What is shortened formula for current
I=Q/t
42
What increases a current
- more coloumbs of charge travelling - less time taken for charge to travel through circuit
43
What does an ammeter measure
the current of a circuit
44
How to attach an ammeter to a circuit
connect it in series of the circuit before the load
45
Is the current equal at all times in a parralel circuit
no the current at the source is larger than the current at each branch off to the load
46
WhaWhat is unique property for parralel circuit currents
the current at the source is the sum of the currents of the branch
47
What is potential difference
work done by unit of charge passing between two points in circuit
48
Difference between potential differnce/voltage and emf (electromotive force)
Emf: amount of energy supplied to coulomb of charge by power source in driving the charge around a complete circuit. Potential difference across a component is the amount of energy supplied to a component by a coulomb of charge
49
What do voltmeters measure and how to attach to circuit
The potential difference of charge before and after component. It should be attached in parralel this allows it to compare the charges
50
What is resistance exactly
measure of difficulty of passing electical current thru material
51
What is ohms law
- voltage across component directly proportional to current thru it - provided temp remains constant
52
What affects resistance
A high voltage increases resistance, a low current increases resistance
53
Difference in current-voltage graph of a filament lamp and resistor
The resistor shows that Current directly proportional to voltage Straight line graph, goes through origin, fixed value for gradient - gradient equals resistance The filament lamp Current NOT directly proportional to voltage Curved graph, goes through origin, gradient increases as current increaseg This is because the filament lamp becomes hotter which increases resistance of charges
54
What relationship does length of wire have with the resistance of the wire
the longer it is the more resistant it is directly porportional
55
What relationship does cross sectional have with the resistance of the wire
the smaller the cross sectional area the larger the resistance. they have a inversely porportional relationship
56
What happens when you put two resistors in series
their resistance increases leading to a lower current
57
What happens when you put two resistors in parralel
their resistance decreases leading to a higher current

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