C4 Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is an acid
- pH < 7
- turn blue litmus paper red
- reacts with bases and some metals to make salts
- breaks into hydrogen ions when placed in soltuions
What is an base
a substance with pH greater than 7, it turns red litmus paper blue. It reacts with acids to form salts
What is an alkali
a base that is soluble meaning dissolving in water.
What do you call the reaction that forms a salt
A neutralisation, occuring from an acid and base
What is a hydroxides chemical formula
OH^-
What is a carbonates chemical formual
CO3^2-
What are two ways to test for presence of water
Using copper (II) sulphate, burn it until it turns white, then add the liquid if it goes back to blue there’s water presence.
Using cobalt (II) chloride usually it’s blue if after adding the substance it turns pink there’s water presence.
What are two ways water supply is treated
Chlorination and filtration.
In chlorination, chlorine is added to water which kills bacteria and reduces waater borne diseases.
In filtration it passes through a filtration system that may contain activated carbon, sand, and gravel to remove large particles and purities.
What affect does acids have on litmus paper
It turns litmus paper red
What are products of an acid and a metal
A salt and hydrogen
What are products of an acid and a base
A salt and water
What are products of an acid and a carbonate?
A salt, carbon dioxide, and water
What are the effects of base and litmus paper
It turns litmus paper blue.
Base and acid reaction
This makes salt and water
Base and ammonium salts reaction
Ammonia gas, water, and salt
How does pH scale measure
Measures the amount of hydrogen ions in solution if there’s lots low pH
What is neutralization
Reaction between an acid and a base usually exothermic.
How acids and bases act in aqueuous solutions
Acids donate protons in solutions, bases accept protons in solutions. The transfer of protons being neutralisation
What happens to soil if it’s too alkaline or acidic
It can’t grow crops
What is carbon dioxide a byproduct of
An acid and a crabonate
How to prepare, separate, and then purify soluble salts that have a insoluble base
1) Add acid into beaker than put into a larger beaker of hot water
2) Add insoluble base slowly until reaction is over.
3) Set up filter funnel and filter paper to remove insoluble ppt. Pour solution into conical flask
4) Grab a bunsen burner and heat it till boil adding anti bumping granules. Maintain a simmer
5) Pour solution into petri dish then rest a broken splint so broken end dips into the solution you will find crystals forming from the splint.
what are the solubility rules
- Group 1 always soluble
- ammonium always soluble
- nitrates generally soluble
- halides (minus F) generaly solube (minus Ag, Pb, Hg)
- Sulphate mostly soluble unless with group 2 elements and Pb
- most hydroxides slightly soluble (like w grp 1)
- carbonates frequently insoluble
How to prepare, separate, and then purify soluble salts that have a soluble base
You must use titrations
1) Fill burrette acid, alkali in conical flask under burrette
2) Add pH indicator to alkali, show neutralisation
3) Add acid gradually until neutralisation occurs. repeat 3x find average, then wo indicator
4) Pour neutral solution into evaporating basin to evaporate around half of the water to concentrate
5) Pour concentrated solution to cool and crystalize
How to prepare, separate, and then purify insoluble salts
1) Mix 2 soluble salt solutions
2) The produce being a insoluble salt will appear as a ppt.
3) You know the ppt. by solubility rules.
