B7

Question 1

how do electrical impulses travel around the body

Answer 1

along neurones

Question 2

what is the mammalian nervous system comprised of

Answer 2

CNS, PNS

Question 3

what does CNS contain

Answer 3

brain, spinal cord

Question 4

what does PNS contain

Answer 4

nerves outside brain and spinal cord

Question 5

what is the role of the nervous system

Answer 5

coordination and regulation of body functions

Question 6

what are the types of neurones

Answer 6

motor, sensory, relay

Question 7

what type of neurone is this

Answer 7

motor

Question 8

what type of neurone

Answer 8

sensory

Question 9

what type of neurone

Answer 9

relay

Question 10

function of motor neurone

Answer 10

carry nerve impulses from CNS to effectors

Question 11

function of sensory neurone

Answer 11

carry nerve impulses away from receptor cells to CNS

Question 12

function of relay neruones

Answer 12

connect one neurone to next in CNS

Question 13

what is a reflex action

Answer 13

means of automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating stimuli with response of effectors

Question 14

what is process of simple reflex arc

Answer 14

receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone, effector

Question 15

what are sense organs

Answer 15

groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli

(light, sound, touch, temperature, chemicals)

Question 16

what is a hormone

Answer 16

chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood

alters activity of one or more specific target organs

Question 17

what are the endocrine glands

Answer 17

• adrenal glands
• testes
• ovaries
• pancreas

Question 18

what do the adrenal glands secrete

Answer 18

adrenaline

Question 19

what does the pancreas secrete

Answer 19

insulin and glucagon

Question 20

what do the testes secrete

Answer 20

testosterone

Question 21

what do the ovaries secrete

Answer 21

oestrogen

Question 22

what is adrenaline

Answer 22

hormone secreted in “fight or flight” situations

Question 23

effects of adrenaline

Answer 23

• increased breathing rate
• increased heart rate
• increased pupil diameter

Question 24

what is homeostasis

Answer 24

maintenance of constant internal environment

Question 25

how does homeostatic control work

Answer 25

- negative feedback - keep internal environment with reference to set point - if values move beyond set point, various processes work to return them back to normal

Question 26

what happens when blood glucose concentration is too high

Answer 26

- insulin released - stimulates cells in liver and tissues to take in glucose from blood - use for respiration or convert to glycogen for storage

Question 27

what happens when blood glucose concentration is too low

Answer 27

- glucagon released - stimulates liver cells to convert stored glycogen into glucose

Question 28

what are components of skin

Answer 28

hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat glands, receptors, sensory neurones, blood vessels, fatty tissue

Question 29

how does body react when it is too cold

Answer 29

- vasoconstriction: less blood flow to surface of skin to retain more heat - shivering: mvmt t release heat by constant, uncontrollable muscle contractions - hair stands on end: traps air, good insulator

Question 30

how does body react when it is too hot

Answer 30

- vasodilation: more blood flows to surface of skin to lose more heat to radiation - sweat produced: as evaporate, cools body

Question 31

what is a drug

Answer 31

any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in body

Question 32

how are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections

Answer 32

- break bacterial cell membranes - prevent formation of new cell walls

Question 33

how do antibiotics affect viruses

Answer 33

no effect

Question 34

how can using antibiotics only when necessary limit development of resistant bacteria

Answer 34

prevent natural selection that comes from survival and reproduction of resistant bacteria

Question 35

example of resistant bacteria

Answer 35

MRSA