B10 - The Human Nervous System

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

• regulation of internal conditions of a cell/organism
• to maintain optimum conditions for function
• in response to internal and external changes

Question 2

Conditions controlled internally

Answer 2

body temperature
water content of body
blood glucose concentration.

Question 3

Automatic control system

Answer 3

Nervous and hormone shstem

Question 4

Importance of homeostasis

Answer 4

maintaining optimum conditions for enzyme activity

Question 5

Receptors

Answer 5

cells that detect changes in the internal and external environment

Question 6

stimuli

Answer 6

changes that receptors detect

Question 7

receptors are apart of which systems

Answer 7

nervous and hormone systems

Question 8

coordination centres

Answer 8

areas that receive and process the info from receptors

Question 9

eg of coordination centres

Answer 9

brain
spinal cord
pancreas

Question 10

effectors

Answer 10

muscles or glands that bring about responses to the stimulus that has been received
-restore conditions

Question 11

nervous system

Answer 11

carries electrical signals that travel fast

Question 12

nervous system process - detection

Answer 12

-receptor detects stimuli
-sends impulse down neurones

Question 13

neurones

Answer 13

special cells
-carry impulses to CNS

Question 14

nerves

Answer 14

thousands of bundled neurones

Question 15

central nervous system

Answer 15

made from brain and spinal cord

Question 16

sensory neurones

Answer 16

-cells that carry impulses from sensory organs to CNS

Question 17

motor neurones

Answer 17

-carry impulses from CNS to sense organs/ body
-causes effectors to respond

Question 18

effector - muscle reaction

Answer 18

-muscles contract

Question 19

effector - gland reaction

Answer 19

-glands secrete chemical substances

Question 20

order of nervous system process

Answer 20

stimuli -> receptor-> CNS -> effector

Question 21

required practical

Answer 21

-measure reaction times
-use ruler drop test

Question 22

reflexes

Answer 22

rapid automatic responses of nervous system that don’t involve conscious thought

Question 23

eg of reflexes

Answer 23

breathing
digesting food

Question 24

reflexes involve

Answer 24

-sensory neurone
- relay neurone
-motor neurone

Question 25

relay neurone

Answer 25

connect sensory and motor neurones -found in CNS

Question 26

process of reflexes

Answer 26

stimuli -> receptor -> sensory neurone ->relay neurone ->motor neurone -> effector organ neurone

Question 27

reflex arc

Answer 27

process of reflex action -bypasses conscious areas of brain - leads to shortest path taken

Question 28

synapses

Answer 28

-physical gaps between neurones

Question 29

passing over synapses process

Answer 29

-chemical is released -chemical diffuses through gap -received by receiving neurone - triggers new impulse

Question 30

diffusion of chemical across synapse is slower than ..

Answer 30

impulses travelling in neurones

Question 31

reflex arc in detail

Answer 31

-impulse arrives at synapse with relay neurone -chemical is released and diffuses across to relay neurone -sets off new impulse to rely neurone -synapse between relay and motor is crossed = new impulse

Question 32

cerebral cortex

Answer 32

-concerned with: consciousness intelligence memory speech

Question 32

meninges

Answer 32

protective membranes around brain

Question 33

cerebellum

Answer 33

-concerned with coordinating muscular activity and balance

Question 34

medulla

Answer 34

-concerned with unconscious activities -eg breathing

Question 35

hypothalamus

Answer 35

controls body temp

Question 36

Scientific advancements

Answer 36

-map brain to their functions by studying brain damage -electrically stimulating regions of brain -by MRI scans