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GCSE AQA Biology > B16 - Adaptations + communities > Flashcards

B16 - Adaptations + communities Flashcards

1
Q

community

A

made up of the populations of diff species that are all interdependent in a habitat + adapted

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2
Q

ecosystem

A

made up of a community of organisms ineracting with the non living factors in the environment

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3
Q

plants compete for

A

light
space
water
mineral ions

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4
Q

biotic factors

A

living things

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5
Q

animals compete for

A

food
mates
territory

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6
Q

sun

A

source of energy
-transferred through ecosystems within chemical bonds that make up organisms

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7
Q

carbon, nitrogen, water

A

constantly recycled through micro organisms

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8
Q

community typically consists of (in terms of plants)

A

-produce food by photosynthesis
- animals eat plants
animals pollinae plants
plants absorb nutrients from animal droppings

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9
Q

community typically consists of (in terms of animals

A

-use plants as shelter
-eat other animals

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10
Q

interdependence

A

network of relationship between diff organisms within a community
-through food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal

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11
Q

stables environemnt =

A

number or size is constant
- species in balance and environmental factors in balance

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12
Q

abiotic factors (7)

A

-light intensity
-temp
-moisture levels
- soil pH
-mineral content
- wind intensity/ direction
-availability of o2/co2

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13
Q

biotic factors (4)

A
  • food
  • new pathogens or parasites
    -new predators
  • competition with new species
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14
Q

Quadrats

A

-investigate size of population of plants

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15
Q

Quadrats - same sample size =

A

valid results

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16
Q

quadrats areas chosen

A
  • sample areas must be chosen at random
    -to reflect true distribution of organisms
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17
Q

quadrats method to choose area

A
  • random number generator
    -spin + drop quadrat over shoulder
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18
Q

quantative sampling

A

mean of several random reading
-compare distribution of same species in diff habitats

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19
Q

transect

A

done where you suspect change is linked to a abiotic/biotic factors

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20
Q

transect method

A

stretch tape between two points
sample organsims along line at regular intervalls using a quadrat

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21
Q

better adapted =

A

more likely to survive and breed on

22
Q

territory

A

allows enough food for themselves and young

23
Q

light used for

A

photosynthesis

24
Q

water used for

A

photosynthesis
tissues turgid

25
Q

mineral ions used for

A

make needed chemicals

26
Q

space used for

A

to grow
absorb nutrients

27
Q

Adaptations - deep roots

A

access underground water stores

28
Q

Adaptations - shallow roots

A

faster water absorption

29
Q

Adaptations - height

A

reach more light

30
Q

Adaptations - larger SA

A

more light

31
Q

extremophiles

A

organisms that live in very extreme environements
-high temp or pressure
-salt concentration

32
Q

extremophiles eg

A

bacteria in deep sea vents

33
Q

structural adaptation

A

shape or colour

34
Q

behavioural Adaptations

A

migration

35
Q

functional Adaptations -

A

related to processes like reproduction

36
Q

Cold climates adaptations -

A
  • smaller SA:V ratio
  • insulation
  • fur
  • thin skin area is small
37
Q

Cold climates adaptations - smaller SA:V ratio

A
  • reduce transfer of energy through skin
  • less heat loss
  • minimise cooling
38
Q

Cold climates adaptations - insulation

A

-blubber eg
- thick layer of fat under skin

39
Q

Cold climates adaptations - fur

A

effective insultaion

40
Q

Cold climates adaptations - thin area of skin is small

A
  • less heat loss
41
Q

camouflage

A

change to adapt
- allow to go undetected by prey/predators

42
Q

Dry climate adaptations - camels

A
  • concentrated urine
    -activity
  • large SA:V ratio
    -thin ears
43
Q

Dry climate adaptations - camels - concentrated urine

A

little water loss

44
Q

Dry climate adaptations - camels -activity

A

most active early morning/evening (cooler)
- rest in hottest times of day

45
Q

Dry climate adaptations - camels -thin ears

A

cools them down

46
Q

Dry climate plant adaptations -

A
  • broad leaves
    -curled leaves
  • small fleshy leaves
    -thick cuticle
  • cacti spines
47
Q

Dry climate plant adaptations – broad leaves

A

-large SA
- to collect dew of cold evenings
-funnel back to shallow roots

48
Q

Dry climate plant adaptations –curled leaves

A
  • reduce SA of leaf- traps layer of moisture
    -prevent water loss through evaporation
49
Q

Dry climate plant adaptations – small fleshy leaves

A
  • reduce water loss
50
Q

Dry climate plant adaptations – cacti spines

A
  • small SA
  • loses little water
    -sharp spines deter animals
51
Q

Dry climate plant adaptations –thick waxy cuticle

A
  • stops water evaporating
52
Q

storing water in dry climates

A

-stem or fleshy leaves

GCSE AQA Biology (45 decks)

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