B16 - Adaptations + communities

Question 1

community

Answer 1

made up of the populations of diff species that are all interdependent in a habitat + adapted

Question 2

ecosystem

Answer 2

made up of a community of organisms ineracting with the non living factors in the environment

Question 3

plants compete for

Answer 3

light
space
water
mineral ions

Question 4

biotic factors

Answer 4

living things

Question 5

animals compete for

Answer 5

food
mates
territory

Question 6

sun

Answer 6

source of energy
-transferred through ecosystems within chemical bonds that make up organisms

Question 7

carbon, nitrogen, water

Answer 7

constantly recycled through micro organisms

Question 8

community typically consists of (in terms of plants)

Answer 8

-produce food by photosynthesis
- animals eat plants
animals pollinae plants
plants absorb nutrients from animal droppings

Question 9

community typically consists of (in terms of animals

Answer 9

-use plants as shelter
-eat other animals

Question 10

interdependence

Answer 10

network of relationship between diff organisms within a community
-through food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal

Question 11

stables environemnt =

Answer 11

number or size is constant
- species in balance and environmental factors in balance

Question 12

abiotic factors (7)

Answer 12

-light intensity
-temp
-moisture levels
- soil pH
-mineral content
- wind intensity/ direction
-availability of o2/co2

Question 13

biotic factors (4)

Answer 13

• food
• new pathogens or parasites
  -new predators
• competition with new species

Question 14

Quadrats

Answer 14

-investigate size of population of plants

Question 15

Quadrats - same sample size =

Answer 15

valid results

Question 16

quadrats areas chosen

Answer 16

• sample areas must be chosen at random
  -to reflect true distribution of organisms

Question 17

quadrats method to choose area

Answer 17

• random number generator
  -spin + drop quadrat over shoulder

Question 18

quantative sampling

Answer 18

mean of several random reading
-compare distribution of same species in diff habitats

Question 19

transect

Answer 19

done where you suspect change is linked to a abiotic/biotic factors

Question 20

transect method

Answer 20

stretch tape between two points
sample organsims along line at regular intervalls using a quadrat

Question 21

better adapted =

Answer 21

more likely to survive and breed on

Question 22

territory

Answer 22

allows enough food for themselves and young

Question 23

light used for

Answer 23

photosynthesis

Question 24

water used for

Answer 24

photosynthesis
tissues turgid

Question 25

mineral ions used for

Answer 25

make needed chemicals

Question 26

space used for

Answer 26

to grow absorb nutrients

Question 27

Adaptations - deep roots

Answer 27

access underground water stores

Question 28

Adaptations - shallow roots

Answer 28

faster water absorption

Question 29

Adaptations - height

Answer 29

reach more light

Question 30

Adaptations - larger SA

Answer 30

more light

Question 31

extremophiles

Answer 31

organisms that live in very extreme environements -high temp or pressure -salt concentration

Question 32

extremophiles eg

Answer 32

bacteria in deep sea vents

Question 33

structural adaptation

Answer 33

shape or colour

Question 34

behavioural Adaptations

Answer 34

migration

Question 35

functional Adaptations -

Answer 35

related to processes like reproduction

Question 36

Cold climates adaptations -

Answer 36

- smaller SA:V ratio - insulation - fur - thin skin area is small

Question 37

Cold climates adaptations - smaller SA:V ratio

Answer 37

- reduce transfer of energy through skin - less heat loss - minimise cooling

Question 38

Cold climates adaptations - insulation

Answer 38

-blubber eg - thick layer of fat under skin

Question 39

Cold climates adaptations - fur

Answer 39

effective insultaion

Question 40

Cold climates adaptations - thin area of skin is small

Answer 40

- less heat loss

Question 41

camouflage

Answer 41

change to adapt - allow to go undetected by prey/predators

Question 42

Dry climate adaptations - camels

Answer 42

- concentrated urine -activity - large SA:V ratio -thin ears

Question 43

Dry climate adaptations - camels - concentrated urine

Answer 43

little water loss

Question 44

Dry climate adaptations - camels -activity

Answer 44

most active early morning/evening (cooler) - rest in hottest times of day

Question 45

Dry climate adaptations - camels -thin ears

Answer 45

cools them down

Question 46

Dry climate plant adaptations -

Answer 46

- broad leaves -curled leaves - small fleshy leaves -thick cuticle - cacti spines

Question 47

Dry climate plant adaptations -- broad leaves

Answer 47

-large SA - to collect dew of cold evenings -funnel back to shallow roots

Question 48

Dry climate plant adaptations --curled leaves

Answer 48

- reduce SA of leaf- traps layer of moisture -prevent water loss through evaporation

Question 49

Dry climate plant adaptations -- small fleshy leaves

Answer 49

- reduce water loss

Question 50

Dry climate plant adaptations -- cacti spines

Answer 50

- small SA - loses little water -sharp spines deter animals

Question 51

Dry climate plant adaptations --thick waxy cuticle

Answer 51

- stops water evaporating

Question 52

storing water in dry climates

Answer 52

-stem or fleshy leaves