B18 - Biodiversity

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

measure of variety of all different species of organisms within an ecosystem

Question 2

high biodiversity =

Answer 2

stability of ecosystems
-loss of species has limited effect = replaced easier

Question 3

how does high biodiversity affect dependency of species on one another

Answer 3

-reduces dependency
-for water, shelter, food

Question 4

Humans effect on biodiversity

Answer 4

-land used
-farming
-human waste
-quarrying

Question 5

Humans effect on biodiversity: land used

Answer 5

-building = destruction of habitat

Question 6

Humans effect on biodiversity: farming

Answer 6

-strips soil of nutrients
-less biodiversity

Question 7

Humans effect on biodiversity: waste

Answer 7

-pollutes environment

Question 8

Humans effect on biodiversity: quarrying

Answer 8

reduces habitat

Question 9

soil pollution

Answer 9

-with chemicals and parasites from sewage

Question 10

landfills issue

Answer 10

-take up room
-destroy habitats
-toxins from waste enter soil

Question 11

Farming = land pollution

Answer 11

-toxins from fertilisers wash into soils/streams
-strips land of nutrients

Question 12

farming = water pollution

Answer 12

-toxins poisons aquatic life
-bio accumulation effect

Question 13

bioaccumulation

Answer 13

-toxins cannot be broken down in organisms
-as food chain builds up = toxins
-dangerous amount of toxins in top predators

Question 14

untreated sewage effect on stream

Answer 14

allows nitrates to enter
-eutrophication

Question 15

eutrophication

Answer 15

-nitrates = algae to grow
-they block light = no photosynthesis for other plants
-decomposers feed on dead plants
-they respire = lack of O2 and
-fish die = decomposers to repeat process

Question 16

bio indicators

Answer 16

-salmon = really clean water
-blood worms = really dirty water

Question 17

monitor pollution levels

Answer 17

measure pH
-measure o2 levels

Question 18

cause of acid rain

Answer 18

-due to combustion of fossil fuels
-acidic sulfur dioxide + nitrogen oxides dissolve in rainwater
-react with o2 = dilute sulfuric and nitric acid

Question 19

effect of acid rain

Answer 19

-falls onto trees = kills leaves/fruit
-soaks into soil = destroys roots
-lakes = acidic = no life

Question 20

smoke pollution

Answer 20

-high number of particulates
-reflect sunlight = less light hits Earth
-dimming effect = cooling temp of Earth
-lung cancer

Question 21

particulates

Answer 21

tiny solid particles

Question 22

smog

Answer 22

-sulfur dioxide + nitrogen oxides
-haze of small particles and acidic gases

Question 23

reasons for deforestation

Answer 23

-grow staple foods
-rear more cattle
-grow crops = biofuel

Question 24

effects of deforestation

Answer 24

-more co2
-slash and burn
-decomposes feed on dead vegetation = co2
-carbon sink is lost

Question 25

loss of biodiversity

Answer 25

species become extinct

Question 26

peat bog destruction

Answer 26

-massive carbon store -burnt as a fuel = co2

Question 27

peat

Answer 27

-doesnt decay -very acidic -improves soil and produces compost

Question 28

eg co2 sinks

Answer 28

-plants and water

Question 29

methane production

Answer 29

-from rice and cattle farming

Question 30

greenhouse effect

Answer 30

-sun warms Earth -rays are radiated back into space -co2 absorbs rays -keeps surface warm = thicker blanket

Question 31

consequences of greenhouse effect

Answer 31

-loss of habitat = flooding and rising sea levels -change in migration = climate changes -reduced biodiversity

Question 32

seasonal changes

Answer 32

-amount of rainfall -water available -sunlight hours

Question 33

climate changes

Answer 33

-animals migrate to avoid weather changes

Question 34

geographical changes

Answer 34

-pH -altitude -saltiness of water

Question 35

Negative aspects of human interaction

Answer 35

-climate change -effect of acid rain on soil -pollution from farming/industry

Question 36

Positive aspects of human interaction

Answer 36

-conserving forests -reducing water pollution -maintaining pH -replantation

Question 37

breeding programmes

Answer 37

-restore endangered species -bread in zoos and returned when safe

Question 38

protection and regeneration of habitats

Answer 38

-protects species -protects biodiversity

Question 39

reintroduction of of hedgerows

Answer 39

-prevents soil erosion -increases biodiversity -reduces monoculture

Question 40

reduction of deforestation

Answer 40

-laws against it -investment in electricity generated industry = less co2

Question 41

recycling

Answer 41

-less landfills -organic waste as compost