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GIR Test 2 > B5-097 Other GI Conditions > Flashcards

B5-097 Other GI Conditions Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

inflammation of salivary gland

A

sialandeitis

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2
Q

stones the the duct of salivary gland

A

sialithiasis

commonly caused by dehyration

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3
Q

most common place for sialothiasis

A

wharton’s duct off submandicular gland

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4
Q

painless mass and swelling in mouth

A

salivary gland tumor

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5
Q

if a person presents with facial paralysis or pain the salivary gland tumor is most likely

A

malignant

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6
Q

chrondromyxoid stroma and epithelium

A

pleomorphic adenoma or parotid

needs to be excised

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7
Q
  • cystic tumor with germinal centers
  • smoking major risk factor
  • can be bilateral and multifocal
A

warthin tumor of parotid

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8
Q

2 types of esophageal perforation

A
  • iatrogenic injury
  • non-iatrogenic
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9
Q

most important thing in dealing with esophageal perforation

A

timeliness of diagnosis

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10
Q
  • dysphagia
  • neck/chest pain
  • neck swelling
  • hypersalivation
  • retrosternal fullness
  • hematemesis
  • odynophagia
  • subcutaneous emphysema
A

esophageal perforation symptoms

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11
Q
  • effort rupture of the esophagus
  • hx of severe vomiting, retching preceding pain
A

Boerhaave syndrome

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12
Q

excrutiating retrosternal chest pain due to an intrathoracic esophageal perforation

A

Boerhaave

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13
Q
A

warthin tumor

parotid gland

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14
Q

treatment of Boerhaave syndrome

A
  • NPO
  • perenteral nutrition
  • antibiotics
  • PPI
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15
Q

typically present with a hx of alcohol abuse or bullemia

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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16
Q

characterized by longitudinal mucosal lacerations in the distal esophagus and proximal stomach

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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17
Q
  • acute onset GI bleeding with hematemesis
  • epigastric pain
  • pain in back
  • hx of alcoholism or bulimia
A

Mallory Weiss syndrome

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18
Q

treatment for mallory-weiss syndrome

A
  • NPO
  • parenteral nutrition
  • PPI
  • antiemetics
  • EGD
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19
Q
  • acute hematemesis due to dilated submucosal veins in the lower 1/3 of esophagus
  • complication of portal hypertension
A

esophageal varices

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20
Q

treatment of esophageal varices

A
  • endoscopic variceal ligation
  • decrease portal hypertension
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21
Q

diverticula involving all layers of intestinal wall

A

true diverticula

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22
Q

diverticula involving only mucosa and submucosa

A

false diverticula

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23
Q

diverticula involving submucosa only

A

intramural diverticula

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24
Q

false diverticulum through Killian’s triangle near upper esophageal spinchter

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

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25
* transient oropharyngeal dysphagia * **halitosis** * **gurgling in throat** * appearance of mass in neck * regurgitation of food in mouth * weight loss, malnutrition
Zenker's diverticulum
26
what is the treatment for this condition?
surgical open vs transoral with EGD | Zenker's diverticulum
27
60% of population 60+ years have
colonic diverticulum | shifting younger due to poor diet
28
* false diverticulum * occur where the rasa vecti artery penetrates muscularis propira causing a break in the integrity of the colonic wall
diverticulosis
29
* chronic inflammation leads to outpouching * vasi recti are compressed leading to bleeding
diverticulosis
30
* most common cause of hematochezia in patient 60+ * **painless**, blood stools
diverticulosis
31
treatment of diverticulosis bleed
mostly bowel rest recurrent/unbstable -> resection | most common cause of elective resections
32
* fever * anorexia * LLQ pain * obstipation * fever/leukocytosis
diverticulitis
33
* thickened colonic wall * inflammation with percolic fat * sigmoid diverticula
diverticulitis
34
if you suspect diverticulits but the patient does not meet CT criteria or have pain/fever/leukocytosis
not diverticulits | consider other causes: IBS, ovarian cyst, endomet., appendicitis, PID,
35
major complication of diverticulitis
abcess stage 3/4: perforation with fecal peritonitis | not very common, about 25%
36
treatment diverticulitis
* bowel rest * antibiotics
37
colonoscopy should be performed [...] after diverticulitis to rule out colon cancer
6 weeks
38
* congenital abnormality of small intestine due to persistence omphalomesenteric duct * true diverticulum
Meckel's
39
treatment for this condition?
diverticulotomy | Meckel's
40
Meckel's rule of 2's
* 2% of pop. * 2% symptomatic * found in males under 2 * 2 ft proximal to ileocecal valve * 2 inches long
41
how much of the cardiac output does the splanchnic circulation receive?
baseline: 25% postprandial: 35%
42
what part of the small intestine is most vulverable to decreased mesenteric flow?
villi tips
43
[...] of splanchnic inflow goes to the mucosa | %
70%
44
* severe, acute abdominal pain out of proportion to exam findings * nausea, emesis, transient diarrhea
acute mesenteric ischemia
45
gold standard imaging for mesenteric ischemia
mesenteric angiography
46
* reduced splanchnic bloodflow due to atherosclerosis in 2+ vessels * collateral flow prevents infarction
chronic mesenteric ischemia
47
* post-prandial abdominal pain * food fear * abdominal bruit | on exam, abdomen is soft and painless (except post prandial)
chronic mesenteric ischemia
48
* most common form of mesenteric ischemia * common in older men with hx of CAD * **sudden LLQ pain, hematochezia** * usually resolves spontaneously
colonic ischemia
49
risk factors for colonic ischemia in young women | 3
* smoking * OCP * factor V leiden
50
colonic ischemia typically effects what areas?
watershed
51
many of the causes of lower GI symptoms are [...] and improve with [...]
self limited bowel rest
52
most common salivary gland tumor, nearly always benign
pleomorphic adenocarcinoma
53
painful tumors or those with facial nerve abnormalities are often
malignant | local and distant spread
54
* most common malignant salivary tumor * arises from glands other than parotid
mucoepidermoid
55
a Mallory-Weiss tear is best visualized via
EGD
56
* LLQ pain * fever * constipation * anorexia
diverticulitis
57
oral antibiotics for diverticulits
ciprofloxacin, metronidazole
58
best choice for visualization of Zenker's diverticulum
barium swallow
59
treatment for Meckel's
diverticulotomy
60
* nausea * vomiting * diarrhea * pain out of proportion to exam
acute mesenteric ischemia
61
gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia
CT angiogram

GIR Test 2 (18 decks)

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