BacT lecture 7 Flashcards by Erin Jernstedt

Gram-neg bacteria rods and cocci Nonfermenting, aerobic/ microaerophilic important Genera

Pseudomonas

Brucella

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Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Opportunist environmental microorganism
Highly antimicrobial resistance - nosocomial infections
All animals
Specifically in dogs- ear infections, UTI

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Describe Brucella

Hard to grow in lab because it is a strict aerobes and grow very slowly
Facultative intracellular pathogen
Causes Brucellosis - affects organs rich in sugar erythritol
Causes infertility, sterility, mastitis, abortion
Carried asymptomatically

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What are the 4 species of Brucella?

Brucella abortus - cattle
Brucella melitensis - sheep and goats
Brucella suis - swine
Brucella canis - dogs

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How is Brucella unique?

Reproductive system and general illness
Survive in macrophages (Stops macrophages from lysing)
Zoonotic and some non zoonotic
Persists in several counties

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Gram-neg bacteria Nonfermenting, aerobic/microaerophilic spiral shape and spirochette

Spiral shape
Genus Campylobacter

Spirochette
Genera Leptospira
Genera Borrelia

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Most Campylobacter species are?

Pathogenic and can infect humans and animals

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Campylobacter jejuni cause?

Gastrointestinal disease in many species

One of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developing countries

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Genus Leptospira are?

Spirochete, gram- neg, pathogenic leptospires are included in species L. interrogans

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Genus Leptospira cause?

Leptospirosis. It is in the urine of infected carrier animals

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Genus Borrelia are?

Spirochetes, gram- neg

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Genus Borrelia species example is?

Borrelia burgdorferi
Causes lyme disease (borreliosis) in humans and animals
Transmitted by ticks

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Class Mollicutes are?

Contain no cell wall - no peptidoglycan
They are the smallest prokaryotic cells capable of self replication
Genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplama are the only with pathogenic species.

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Genus Mycoplasma unique characteristics are?

Need special media and forms fried egg colonies.
M. pneumonia - walking pneumonia in humans
M. bovis -pneumonia and arthritis in cattle
Do not stain
Cannot use Beta Lactins antibiotics.

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Obligate intracellular pathogens two genera of importance?

Chlamydia

Richettsia

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Genus Chlamydia are

Gram-neg pleomorphic, obligate intracellular.

Energy parasites, do not generate ATP depend on host ATP

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Chlamydophyla psittaci cause what?

psittacosis in humans and avian chlamydosis in birds and bovine abortion.
Zoonotic disease
Infect mucous membranes of respiratory and GI tract.

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Genus Rickettsia are?

Gram-neg cocobacilli, obligate intracellular bacteria

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Rickettsia rickettsia causes?

Rocky MT spotted fever in humans and in dogs

Vector is a tick

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What are the two bacteria that have vectors?

Rickettsia

Borrelia

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T:F There are more pathogenic fungi than beneficial.

False

There is more beneficial effects than harmful effects of fungi.

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When are animal susceptible to fungi infections?

Suppressed immune systems

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Which are more susceptible to fungi infections- animal or plants?

Plants

What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the cell type?

Fungi are Eukaryotic

Bacteria are Pokaryotic

What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the cell membrane?

Fungi have sterols present (ergosterol) | Bacteria sterols absent, except in mycoplasma spp.

What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the cell wall composition?

Fungi contain glucans, mannans, chitin (No peptidoglycan) | Bacteria have peptidoglycan

What is the direct difference between fungi and bacteria in the metabolism?

Fungi are heterotrophs; aerobic, facultatively anaerobic | Bacteria are heterotrophic, autotrophic, photosythetic, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic

Fungi are saprophytes which mean?

They obtain nutrients by decomposing dead and decaying matter

Pathogenic disease causing fungi are known as

Mycosis or Mycoses

Fungi that produce toxins that cause disease are called?

Mycotoxicosis or Mycotoxicoses

Classification of fungi based on morphology of the thallus is through?

Asexual structures are referred to as anamorphs

Classification of fungi based on sexual reproduction through?

Sexual structures known as telomorphs

Classification of the whole fungus is known as?

The holomorph

The three classifications of fungi based on morphology are?

Molds Yeast Dimorphic

Molds are?

Filamentous fungi from which is a vegetative growth of filaments

Yeast are?

Single celled, cells that bud to form blastoconidia

Dimorphic fungi are?

Fungi that exist in two different morphological forms at two different environmental conditions.

What are the two morphological forms of dimorphic fungi?

They exist as yeast in tissue and in vitro at 37C and as mold in their natural habitat and in vitro at room temp

Structures such as mushrooms consist simply of a number of filaments packed tightly together and reproduction is by?

asexual spores (conidia/sporangiopores)

Conidia are produced in structures called? | Sporangiopores are produced in a structure called?

Conidiophores Sporangiophore

Fungal filaments are also known as?

Hyphae

A mass of hyphae collectively make up the?

Mycelium

What are the two kinds of hyphae?

Non-septate | Septate

What is it called when yeast buds fail to detach?

Pseudohyphae

What are the four classifications of mycosis?

Superficial Cataneous mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses Deep/systemic mycoses

Superficial mycoses are?

Outer skin layer - no immune response; caused mostly by yeast.

Cutaneous mycoses are?

Epidermal layers - evoke immune response

Subcutaneous mycoses are?

Chronic infection of subdermal tissue; may require surgical intervention

Deep/systemic mycoses are?

Mostly originating in the lung caused by virulent dimorphic fungi

Most common fungal infections are caused by?

Opportunistic mycosis

The three most representative genera for fungal infections are?

Canadida albicans: Candidiasis Cryptococcus neoformans: Cryptococcosis Aspergillus sp: Aspergillosis

Opportunistic mycosis in Candidiasis are?

Superficial or deep Alimentary tract and IV catheters are sources for deep Kidney, liver, spleen, brain, eyes, heart. Risk factors long broad spectrum antibiotic use, chemo, corticosteroids, IV catheters

Mycotoxicosis

Group of illnesses and disorders in HB and animal resulting from toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) produced by some fungi species.

Claviceps

Rye mold - contaminated rye produces ergot and leads to ergotism

Aspergillus

Produces aflatoxin; which grow in many plant materials; low levels of toxin can be carcinogenic.

Amanita

Poisonous mushroom