BACTE LEC GENETICS

Question 1

DNA was first discovered

Answer 1

Friedrich Miescher 1869

Question 2

Discovered that DNA contains phosphates, 4-carbon sugars and nitrogen-containing bases

Answer 2

Phoebus Levene 1920

Question 3

Discovered the helical structure by x ray crystallogy

Answer 3

Rosalind Franklin 1950

Question 4

Described the 3D structure of DNA

Answer 4

James Watson and Francis Crick 1950

Question 5

• process of heredity and variation
• it is the starting point from which all other cellular pathways, functions and structures originate
• Determine the ability of a microorganism to maintain viability, multiply and cause

Answer 5

GENETICS

Question 6

a double helical chain of deoxynucleotides

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

a nucleotide is a combination of

Answer 7

> Phosphate group
Deoxyribose
Nitrogenous base

Question 8

an intact DNA molecule is composed of ___ nucleotide polymers

Answer 8

2

Question 9

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Answer 9

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

Question 10

a DNA sequence that encodes a specific product

Answer 10

GENE

Question 11

defined as the totality of the genetic information of an organism

Answer 11

GENOME

Question 12

refers to the threadlike structure of DNA wrapped around protein that carries the genomic information

Answer 12

CHROMOSOMES

Question 13

refers to the extrachromosomal mobile genetic elements

Answer 13

MOBILOME

Question 14

Not all genes are confined to the chromosome, many genes may also be located on ___________ and ____________________

Answer 14

plasmids, transposable elements

Question 15

capable of replication independently of the chromosome

Answer 15

episomes

Question 16

pieces of DNA that move from one genetic element to another, from plasmid to chromosome or vice versa

Answer 16

JUMPING GENES

Question 17

is the processing of information encoded in genetic elements that results in the production of biochemically functional molecules

Answer 17

GENE EXPRESSION

Question 18

the synthesis of ssRNA, by the enzyme RNA polymerase, using one strand of the DNA as a template

Answer 18

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 19

actual synthesis of a specific protein from the mRNA code

Answer 19

TRANSLATION

Question 20

In bacteria, the mRNA molecules that result from the transcription process are ________________ (capable of encoding for several gene products)

Answer 20

POLYCISTRONIC

Question 21

genetic alterations and diversity in bacteria are accomplished by three basic mechanisms:

Answer 21

mutation, genetic recombination, and genetic exchange

Question 22

defined as an alteration in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an organism’s genome

Answer 22

MUTATION

Question 23

a change in the DNA sequence does not result in the substitution of a different amino acid in the resulting protein

Answer 23

SILENT MUTATION

Question 24

a change in one nucleotide base change in a single amino acid

Answer 24

POINT MUTATION

Question 25

involves recipient cell uptake of naked/free DNA released into the environment when another bacterial cell (donor) dies and undergoes lysis

Answer 25

TRANSFORMATION

Question 26

bacteria cells that can take up naked/ free DNA

Answer 26

COMPETENT BACTERIA

Question 27

transfer of bacterial genes by a bacteriophage from on cell to another

Answer 27

TRANSDUCTION

Question 28

involves cell to cell contact and requires mobilization of genetic material from a donor bacterial strain to a recipient strain

Answer 28

CONJUGATION

Question 29

a state in which the phage DNA becomes incorporated into the bacterial genome

Answer 29

LYSOGENY

Question 30

refers to the phage that contains the DNA which is being incorporated

Answer 30

TEMPERATE

Question 31

enzymes that cut incoming, foreign DNA at specific DNA sequences

Answer 31

RESTRICTION ENZYME