PARA LEC

Question 1

is the area of biology concerned
with the phenomenon of dependence of one
living organism on another

Answer 1

Parasitology

Question 2

is concerned primarily with parasites of humans
and their medical significance, as well as their
importance in human communities

Answer 2

Medical Parasitology

Question 3

is a branch of medicine that deals
with tropical diseases and other special medical
problems of tropical regions

Answer 3

Tropical
Medicine

Question 4

is an illness, which is indigenous to or endemic
in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic
or epidemic proportions in areas that are not
tropical

Answer 4

tropical disease

Question 5

is the
living together of unlike organisms. It may also
involve protection or other advantages to one
or both organisms

Answer 5

Symbiosis

Question 6

is a symbiotic
relationship in which two species live together
and one species benefits from the relationship
without harming or benefiting the other

Answer 6

Commensalism

Question 7

is a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually
benefit from each other like termites and the
flagellates in their digestive system, which
synthesize cellulase to aid in the breakdown
of ingested wood

Answer 7

Mutualism

Question 8

is a symbiotic
relationship where one organism, the parasite,
lives in or on another, depending on the latter
for its survival and usually at the expense of the
host.

Answer 8

Parasitism

Question 9

A parasite
living inside the body of a host is known as an

Answer 9

endoparasite

Question 10

a parasite living outside
the body of a host

Answer 10

ectoparasite.

Question 11

The
presence of an endoparasite in a host is called an

Answer 11

infection

Question 12

the presence of an ectoparasite
on a host is called an

Answer 12

infestation.

Question 13

A parasite is
considered _________________ when it is found in an organ
which is not its usual habitat.

Answer 13

erratic

Question 14

Most parasites
are _____________________ in that they need a host
at some stage of their life cycle to complete
their development and to propagate their
species.

Answer 14

obligate parasites

Question 15

A __________________ may exist in a free-living
state or may become parasitic when the need arises

Answer 15

facultative parasite

Question 16

A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live, is called
an _______________________

Answer 16

accidental or incidental parasite

Question 17

A _______________________ remains on or in the body of the host
for its entire life, while a _____________________ lives
on the host only for a short period of time

Answer 17

permanent parasite, temporary parasite

Question 18

A ________________________ is a free-living organism that
passes through the digestive tract without
infecting the hos

Answer 18

spurious parasite

Question 19

A _______________________ is one in
which the parasite attains sexual maturity

Answer 19

definitive or final host

Question 20

An _______________ harbors
the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

Answer 20

intermediate host

Question 21

A ___________________ is one in which the
parasite does not develop further to later stages

Answer 21

paratenic host

Question 22

_________________ are responsible for transmitting the
parasite from one host to another.

Answer 22

Vectors

Question 23

A ______________ transmits the parasite only after the
latter has completed its development within
the host

Answer 23

biologic
vector

Question 24

A ______________________, only transports the parasite.

Answer 24

mechanical or phoretic vector

Question 25

A ___________ harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

Answer 25

carrier

Question 26

________________ is the process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 26

Exposure

Question 27

_____________________ connotes the establishment of the infective agent in the host

Answer 27

infection

Question 28

The __________________ is the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

Answer 28

incubation period

Question 29

is the period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence or demonstration of infection

Answer 29

biologic incubation period

Question 30

results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

Answer 30

Autoinfection

Question 31

is the use of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or a public health program

Answer 31

Deworming

Question 32

refers to the number (usually expressed as a percentage) of previously positive subjects found to be egg negative on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after deworming

Answer 32

Cure rate

Question 33

is the percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after the treatment.

Answer 33

Egg reduction rate (ERR)

Question 34

are provided with a nucleus or nuclei, cytoplasm, an outer limiting membrane, and cellular elaborations called organelles

Answer 34

protozoan parasites

Question 35

Many of these protozoa require a ____________________ for feeding, locomotion, osmoregulation, and reproduction

Answer 35

wet environment

Question 36

infective stage of a protozoa, also is relatively resistant to environmental changes

Answer 36

cysts

Question 37

vegetative state of a protozoa

Answer 37

trophozoites

Question 38

Helminths causing infections in man belong to three groups

Answer 38

annelids, nematodes, and flatworms.

Question 39

are also known as roundworms because they are elongated and cylindrical in shape, with bilateral symmetry

Answer 39

nematodes

Question 40

parasites that have a complete digestive tract and a muscular pharynx that is characteristically triradiate. They are provided with separate sexes, although some may be parthenogenetic

Answer 40

nematodes

Question 41

are dorso-ventrally flattened with bilateral symmetry

Answer 41

Cestodes

Question 42

cestodes have an anterior structure called the _________________, which is the main organ of attachment of the worm to the definitive host.

Answer 42

scolex

Question 43

Adult trematodes are equipped with an oral sucker, and a ventral sucker called an acetabulum

Answer 43

acetabulum

Question 44

A third sucker in trematodes are called a ___________________ is observed only among the heterophyids

Answer 44

genital sucker or gonotyl

Question 45

composed of bilaterally symmetrical organisms with segmented and jointed appendages. The body is covered with a chitinous exoskeleton

Answer 45

Arthropods

Question 46

Entamoeba histolytica is currently classified within the subphylum ______________, superclass __________________, class _____________, order ______________, family ______________, and genus ________________.

Answer 46

Sarcodina, Rhizopoda, Lobosea, Amoebida, Entamoebidae, Entamoeba

Question 47

E. histolytica trophozoites adhere to the colonic mucosa through a ______________________

Answer 47

galactose inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal lectin)

Question 48

the amebae kill mucosal cells by activation of their _____________, leading to their apoptotic death engulfment

Answer 48

caspase-3

Question 49

presents as gradual onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or without blood and mucus in the stools

Answer 49

Amebic colitis

Question 50

It clinically presents as a mass-like lesion with abdominal pain and a history of dysentery. It can be mistaken for carcinoma

Answer 50

Ameboma

Question 51

is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis.

Answer 51

Amebic liver abscess (ALA)

Question 52

a minimum of __________ stool specimens collected on different days should be examined.

Answer 52

three

Question 52

The standard method of parasitologic diagnosis is ________________________ of the trophozoites and cysts in stool specimens.

Answer 52

microscopic detection

Question 53

For detection of trophozoites, ________________ specimens should be examined within _________________ from defecation

Answer 53

fresh stool, 30 minutes

Question 54

____________________ is the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive amebiasis

Answer 54

Metronidazole

Question 55

is the drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers

Answer 55

Diloxanide furoate

Question 56

______________ are the major reservoirs of infection with E. histolytica

Answer 56

Humans

Question 57

is morphologically similar to E. histolytica, but their DNA and ribosomal RNA are different.

Answer 57

Entamoeba dispar

Question 58

The appearance of _________________ is relatively similar to that of E. histolytica apart from its smaller size

Answer 58

E. hartmanni