Bacteria

Question 1

what are 4 characteristics about bacteria

Answer 1

prokaryotic - no nucleus
single circular DNA
peptidoglycan wall
70S ribosomes

Question 2

what are the 3 bacteria types based on cell wall

Answer 2

lacking cell wall
flexible cell wall
rigid cell wall

Question 3

what is/are the bacteria that lack a cell wall

Answer 3

mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 4

mycoplasma pneumoniae is also referred to as

Answer 4

atypical walking pneumonia

Question 5

examining patient and there xray of lungs looks worse than the actual patient

Answer 5

mycoplasma pneumonia
or
atypical walking pneumonia

Question 6

what are the 4 bacteria that have a flexible cell wall

Answer 6

all spirochetes : (BBLT) 
borrelia burgdorferi 
borrelia recurrentis 
leptospira interogans 
trepenoma pallidum

Question 7

the spirochetes (flexible cell wall) below cause what disease?

leptospira interogans
borrelia burgdorferi
borrelia recurrentis
trepenoma pallidum

Answer 7

borrelia burgdorferi - lyme disease

borrelia recurrentis - relapsing fever

leptospira interogans - weil disease

trepenoma pallidum - syphilis

Question 8

the spirochetes (flexible cell wall) below look like what under microscope?

Answer 8

borrelia burgdorferi - big spirochete

borrelia recurrentis - big spirochete

leptospira interogans - spirochetes with terminal hook

trepenoma pallidum - thin spirochetes with periplasmic flagella

Question 9

what does weil disease present as

Answer 9

bacteria - leptospira interogans

hemorrhage and jaundice

Question 10

what does lyme disease present as

Answer 10

bacteria - borrelia burgdoferi

bulls eye rash - erythema chronicum migrans
with joint pain

Question 11

what does borrelia recurrentis present as

Answer 11

relapsing fevers

fever comes and goes

Question 12

what does syphilis present as

primary
secondary
tertiary

Answer 12

“painless” genital ulcer

primary - hard painless chancre*
secondary - condylmata lata and maculopapular rash
tertiary - neurosyphilis, gummas, argryll robertsons pupil, tabes dorsalis

latency - may not have symptoms

Question 13

what are the bacteria with rigid cell walls? because they cant make what?

Answer 13

these are either obligate intracellular organisms (means they cant make ATP that must live inside the host cell) or free living bacteria

Question 14

what are the different types of bacteria that contain a rigid cell wall

Answer 14

chlamydia psittaci

chlamydia trachomatis

rickettsia (many types)

ehrlichia chafeensis

bartonella hensaelae

Question 15

what rigid cell wall bacteria causes bird fanciers diseae?

Answer 15

chlamydia psittaci

Question 16

what are the different types of chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 16

chlamydia trachomatis

type A, B, C - trachoma - africa, blindness, chronic disease

type D-K - reiters syndrome - conjunctivits, urethritis, arthritis

type L1,2,3 - lymphogranuloma venerum - genital ulcers with draining bubbles

Question 17

what are the symptoms of rickettsia

Answer 17

fever

rash on wrists

typhus on trunk

Question 18

rickettsia rickettsia causes what disease? what is the vector?

Answer 18

rocky mountain (spotted) fever

wood ticks

rash on wrist and ankles

Question 19

rickettsia prowazekii causes what disease? what is the vector?

Answer 19

ePIdemic typhus

lice or louse

Question 20

rickettsia typhi causes what disease? and what is the vector?

Answer 20

murine eNdemic typhus

rat fleas

Question 21

rickettsia quintana causes what disease? what is the vector?

Answer 21

trench fever

lice or louse

Question 22

rickettsia tsutsugamishi causes what disease? what is the vector?

Answer 22

scrub typhus

mites

Question 23

what does the ehrlichia chafeensis causes what symptoms?

what is the vector?

Answer 23

flu like symptoms

long star tick

Question 24

what disease does barteonella henselae causes what disease

Answer 24

cat scratch fever

Question 25

how does cat scratch fever get transmitted

Answer 25

being scratched by infected cats

Question 26

what is a characteristic of free living bacteria

Answer 26

all contain rigid cell walls* gram stainable wall positive and negative coccus, bacillus, and vibrio

Question 27

staphylococcus bacteria are gram _ and catalase _ and appear to look like __ when stained

Answer 27

gram positive catalase positive bunches of grapes

Question 28

what are the 6 diseases caused by staph aureus

Answer 28

``` STOICE scaled skin syndrome toxic shock syndrome osteomyelitis impetigo carbuncles subacute endocarditis ```

Question 29

what staphylococcus organism causes UTI in teenagers? will there be nitrates in the urine?

Answer 29

staphylococcus saprophyticus no nitrates in urine

Question 30

patient presents with honey crusted lesions around the mouth... what is DX

Answer 30

impetigo caused by staph aureus or strep pyogenes

Question 31

streptococcus bacteria are gram _ and catalase _ and appear to look like __ when stained

Answer 31

gram positive catalase negative strips

Question 32

what are the 6 diseases caused by streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 32

``` SERGIS strep throat - GABHS erysipelas rheumatic fever glomerulonephritis impetigo scarlet fever ```

Question 33

streptococcus pyogenes classified as what? streptococcus agalactiae is classified as what? streptococcus pneumonia is classified as what? streptococcus viridans is classified as what?

Answer 33

lancefield group A beta-hemolytic diplococci - GABHS lacefield group B beta-hemolytic diplococci - GBBHS alpha hemolytic alpha hemolytic

Question 34

what streptococcus bacteria is associated with dental cavities and affects the heart valves/endocarditis?

Answer 34

streptococcus mutans (viridans)

Question 35

what streptococcus bacteria is occurs with meningitis and otitis media

Answer 35

streptococcus pneumonia | MOP - meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia

Question 36

patient presents with rust colored sputum and sinusitis.. what is DX

Answer 36

streptococcus pneumonia

Question 37

what streptococcus bacteria is found in vagina of female carriers and causes meningitis and septicemia in newborns?

Answer 37

streptococcus agalactiae

Question 38

neisseria gonorrhea is gram _

Answer 38

gram negative

Question 39

what medium is used for neisseria gonorrhea what stain

Answer 39

thayer martin chocolate agar glucose fermenting stain

Question 40

what medium is used for neisseria meningitidis what stain

Answer 40

thayer martin chocolate agar maltose and glucose fermenting stain

Question 41

what medium is used for mycobacterium tuberculosis what stain

Answer 41

lowenstein jensen medium ziehl neelsen stain

Question 42

which bacteria causes gonorrhea, septic arthritis, and ophthalmia neonatorum?

Answer 42

neisseria gonorrhea

Question 43

which cocci bacteria causes meningitis and meningococcemia

Answer 43

neisseria meningitidis

Question 44

which cocci bacteria causes TB

Answer 44

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 45

which cocci bacteria is faintly gram stainable and have thick waxy wall of mycolic acid

Answer 45

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 46

which cocci bacteria is only seen in armadillos and foot pads of suckling mice

Answer 46

mycobacterium leprae

Question 47

which cocci bacteria prefers cool temperatures like skin and peripheral nerves

Answer 47

mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy and lepromatous lesions

Question 48

all bacilli bacteria are gram _ exceptions?

Answer 48

bacilli bacteria are all gram negative ``` except bacillus listeria clostridium corynebacterium ```

Question 49

all bacteria are gram negative except

Answer 49

``` BLCCSS - gram + bacillus listeria clostridium corynebacterium staphylococcus streptococcus ```

Question 50

what bacillus is a spore forming rod?

Answer 50

bacillus anthracis

Question 51

bacillus anthracis causes what diseases?

Answer 51

woolsorters disease - lung infection - inhaled spores from animal hides or wool or malignant pustules - skin infection

Question 52

what bacillus causes food poisoning from eating contaminated rice

Answer 52

bacillus cereus

Question 53

what gram + bacteria causes preformed enterotoxin that prevents ACH release and causes diplopia, dysphagia, and flaccid paralysis?

Answer 53

clostridium botulinium

Question 54

what gram + bacteria is commonly found in improperly canned foods? what else are common causes? what is a common item in infants?

Answer 54

clostridium botulinium meats and gravies and home canning infants - honey

Question 55

what gram + bacteria is part of normal gut flora that causes pseudomembranous colitis after broad spectrum antibiotics because the antibiotics will kill the helpful gut flora and causes this bacteria to proliferate because it is not destroyed by broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 55

clostridium difficile

Question 56

what gram + bacteria contains terminal spores that causes tentanus

Answer 56

clostridium tetanus

Question 57

how does clostridium affect the body and cause tetany?

Answer 57

exotoxin produced that affects the neuromuscular junction inhibits GABA and glycine - blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

Question 58

what are the characteristic signs that clostridium tetani causes

Answer 58

muscle spasm | trismus - lock jaw

Question 59

what gram + bacteria causes gas gangrene following deep puncture wounds

Answer 59

clostridium perfringens

Question 60

what gram + bacteria produces lecithinase which causes muscle necrosis with bubbles

Answer 60

clostridium perfringens

Question 61

which gram + bacteria appears to look club shaped or chinese letter appearance

Answer 61

corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 62

what gram + bacteria causes a grey pseudomembrane in the throat causing suffocation

Answer 62

corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 63

which gram + bacteria contains a bacteriophage exotoxin that damages the heart muscle and nerves

Answer 63

corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 64

what test is positive for diphtheriae

Answer 64

schick test

Question 65

what gram + bacteria is commonly found in unpasturized milk, soft cheeses, and deli meats

Answer 65

listeria monocytogenes

Question 66

what is the only gram positive bacteria that contains an endotoxin

Answer 66

listeria monocytogenes

Question 67

what gram + bacteria causes meningitis in neonates due to vaginal transmission during birth

Answer 67

listeria monocytogenes

Question 68

what gram - bacteria is urease positive which produces ammonia to neutralize gastric acids

Answer 68

H pylori

Question 69

H pylori is a common cause of what? where are they most commonly found

Answer 69

peptic ulcers duodenum - MC then gastric

Question 70

what gram - bacteria causes fever, diarrhea, blood and pus in stool

Answer 70

campylobacter jejuni

Question 71

what gram - bacteria caused the bubonic plaque (black death)

Answer 71

yersinia pestis

Question 72

what gram - bacteria is transmitted by infected rat fleas

Answer 72

yersinia pestis

Question 73

what gram - bacteria causes buboes and pneumonia buboes? death by?

Answer 73

yersinia pestis buboes - neck and axillary lymph node enlargement death by asphyxation or suffocation

Question 74

what gram - bacteria causes food poisoning 1 to 2 days after consumption

Answer 74

salmonella enterides

Question 75

what are 2 gram - bacteria that are non lactose fermenting enteric bacteria

Answer 75

shigella | salmonella

Question 76

which gram - bacteria is a common causes of blood diarrhea or dysentery

Answer 76

shigella dysenteria, sonnei, or flexneri

Question 77

which gram - bacteria causes typhoid fever

Answer 77

salmonella typhi

Question 78

which gram - bacteria causes step ladder fever, diarrhea, rose spots on abdomen and also hides in the gall bladder and peyers patches of ileum

Answer 78

salmonella typhi

Question 79

which gram - bacteria is transmitted by food, fingers, feces, and flies

Answer 79

salmonella typhi

Question 80

E coli is a __ and __ fermenting, catalase __ enteric bacteria

Answer 80

lactose and glucose | catalase +

Question 81

what are the different antigens of E coli

Answer 81

0 - cell wall antigens H - flagella antigens K - capsule antigens

Question 82

what is the cause of travelers diarrhea

Answer 82

e coli entertoxigenic form

Question 83

what are the possible outcomes or other diseases that may occur due to e coli infection

Answer 83

UTI, food poisoning, meningitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 84

what is the cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome what does syndrome cause how does it develop

Answer 84

e coli syndrome causes liver and kidney failure eating contaminated meat contain e coli subtype 0157:h7

Question 85

what is the gram - bacteria found in contaminated meat also called what disease

Answer 85

e coli subtype 0157:h7 enterohemorrhagic form - different from travelers diarrhea enterotoxigenic form hamburgers disease

Question 86

what gram - bacteria urea splitting and maltose fermenting that causes UTIs

Answer 86

proteus mirabilis | contains u for urea and m for maltose

Question 87

what gram - bacteria causes red colored pus in infected burns (also can cause UTI)

Answer 87

serratia marcescens

Question 88

klebsiella pneumonia is __ fermenting

Answer 88

lactose | ella - lactose

Question 89

what gram - bacteria causes pneumonia and lung abscess in alcoholics

Answer 89

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 90

what gram - bacteria causes UTI in diabetics

Answer 90

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 91

what gram - bacteria causes red currant jelly sputum with pneumonia

Answer 91

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 92

what gram - bacteria causes whooping cough

Answer 92

bordetella pertusis

Question 93

what gram - bacteria causes paroxysms of cough followed by an unusual sound on inspiration

Answer 93

bordetella pertusis

Question 94

what is tularemia

Answer 94

rabbit fever can also be caused by squirrels

Question 95

what gram - bacteria causes tularemia vector

Answer 95

francisella tularensis rabbits or squirrels

Question 96

what gram - bacteria causes fever and cough after skinning/dressing an infected rabbit

Answer 96

francisella tularensis

Question 97

what gram - bacteria causes bangs disease and undulant fever

Answer 97

brucella abortus

Question 98

what gram - bacteria is transmitted via infected cows, milk, goats, and or swine

Answer 98

brucella abortus

Question 99

what gram - bacteria causes fever with an undulating pattern

Answer 99

brucella abortus

Question 100

what gram - bacteria causes lung infections followed by atypical pneumonia

Answer 100

legionella pneumophila

Question 101

what gram - bacteria is transmitted via contaminated air conditioning

Answer 101

legionella pneumophila

Question 102

what gram - bacteria is a non lactose fermenting/oxidase + bacteria

Answer 102

pseudomonas aeroginosa

Question 103

what gram - bacteria causes a blue green pus in infected burns

Answer 103

pseudomonas aeroginosa

Question 104

what are the pigments that allow pseudomonas aeroginosa to produce a blue green pigment in infected wounds

Answer 104

pyocyanin - blue | pyoveridin - green

Question 105

what are the symptoms of psuedomonas aeroginosa

Answer 105

``` PSEUDO pneumonia sepsis external otitis UTI drug use osteomyelitis ```

Question 106

what gram - bacteria causes conjunctivits or pink eye

Answer 106

hemophilus aegypti

Question 107

hemophilus aegypti is also known as

Answer 107

koch-weeks bacillus

Question 108

what gram - bacteria causes chancroids

Answer 108

hemophilus ducreyi

Question 109

what gram - bacteria causes yellow painful genital sores what are these sores called

Answer 109

hemophlius ducreyi chancroids

Question 110

what gram - bacteria is also known as pfeiffers bacillus

Answer 110

hemophilus influenzae

Question 111

what gram - bacteria causes pneumonia, epiglottitis, croup, and meningitis in children

Answer 111

hemophilus influenzae

Question 112

what gram - bacteria contains multiple polar flagella

Answer 112

h pylori

Question 113

what gram - bacteria is characterized by its comma shape with single polar flagellum

Answer 113

vibrio cholerae

Question 114

what gram - bacteria produces an exotoxin that stimulates cAMP which increases fluid secretion into gut

Answer 114

vibrio cholerae

Question 115

what gram - bacteria causes severe diarrhea (rice water stools) and rapid dehydration

Answer 115

vibrio cholerae

Question 116

what is the exotoxin produced by clostridium tetani

Answer 116

tetanospasmin

Question 117

what gram + bacteria produces the exotoxin tetanospasmin

Answer 117

clostridium tetani

Question 118

what bacteria is commonly found in hot warm and moist places like contact lenses and hot tubs

Answer 118

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 119

which bacteria is both water and soil borne

Answer 119

shigella

Question 120

which bacteria is found in cream and frozen custards

Answer 120

staph aureus

Question 121

which bacteria is found in eggs and poultry

Answer 121

salmonella enterides

Question 122

how do you prevent salmonella enterides

Answer 122

cook the yolk of the egg entirely to avoid food poisoning

Question 123

what is the most common cause of gastritis

Answer 123

campylobacter jejuni

Question 124

what is the most common cause of diarrhea

Answer 124

campylobacter jejuni

Question 125

what is the most common cause of food poisoning

Answer 125

campylobacter jejuni

Question 126

what is travelers diarrhea also called

Answer 126

montezumas revenge delhi belly

Question 127

floppy baby syndrome is caused by what bacteria

Answer 127

clostridium botulinium

Question 128

what is the first symptom of botulism | what is the second

Answer 128

first - diplopia second - death

Question 129

how do you prevent botulism

Answer 129

add nitrates to meat