RNA Viruses Flashcards by TanMan Magee

all RNA virus are __ stranded except __

single stranded

except Reo/rota group which is double stranded

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all negative single stranded RNA viruses are ___ and ___

helical and enveloped

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what are the 3 naked RNA viruses

Calici, Pico, and Reo RNA viruses

CPR

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all hepatitis viruses are __ except which?

RNA

except hepatitis B - which is DNA

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all hepatitis viruses are spread by ___ except which?

and how are they spread?

oral fecal route

except B and C - spread by sex, blood transfusions, or IV drugs

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what do hepatitis viruses cause

jaundice 
fever 
anorexia 
vomiting 
tender hepatomegaly

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what virus causes hepatitis C

Flavivirus

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what is the most common transmission of hepatitis C

IV drug use and tattoos - 40%

sex and blood transfusion - 20% f

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what is hepatitis C characterized by

carrier state
cirrhosis
primary hepatocellular carcinoma**

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what virus causes hepatitis A

Picornavirus

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how is hepatitis A transmitted

oral-anal route

oral-fecal route

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what causes hepatitis D

hepatitis B infection

hepatitis D is defective unless accompanied with hepatitis B infection

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what virus causes hepatitis E

calicivirus

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how is hepatitis E transmitted

oral-anal route
oral-fecal route
(traveling)

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human immunodeficiency virus is caused by what

retrovirus - lentivirus subfamily

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how is HIV transmitted

sex and blood transfusion

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how does HIV lead to AIDS

the retrovirus destroys the CD4 T helper cells

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what are the four stages of HIV/AIDS

flu like illness - acute

feeling fine - latent

falling CD4 T cell count causes recurrent oppurtunistic infections (such as cryptococcus meningitis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, candidiasis, cryptosporidium diarrhea)

pneumocysitis jiroveci pneumonia - final crisis

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what are other names from measles

rubeola or 1st disease

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what virus causes measles

paramyxovirus

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how is measles spread

aerosol droplets

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what does measles cause

koplik spots - white lesion surrounded by red ring around buccal mucousa

coryza - inflammation of mucous membrane in nose

conjunctivitis

maculopapular erythematous rash

syncytia - giant multinucleated cells

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what virus causes mumps

paramyxovirus

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how is mumps transmitted

direct contact and aerosol droplets

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what does mumps cause

parotitis - parotid gland enlargement* pancreatitis orchitis (inflammation of testicle)

what are other terms for Rubella

german measles or 3rd disease

what virus causes rubella

togavirus - rubivirus specifically

how is rubella transmitted

aerosol droplets

what does rubella cause

sore throat cervical lymphadenopathy maculopapular erythematous rash congenital infection in kids in first 10 weeks

what virus causes influenza

orthomyxovirus

what does influenza cause

fever sorethroat severe myalgia

what virus causes the common cold in adults and gastroenteritis in infants

coronavirus

how is common cold transmitted

aerosol droplets

what does the common cold cause

fever sorethroat runny eyes runny nose

what virus causes a upper respiratory tract infection

rhinovirus of picornavirus family

what does URTI cause

runny eyes nose sorethroat fever

what virus causes the infant disease known as croup

parainfluenza virus - paramyxovirus

what does croup cause

braking cough stridor - whistling on breathing hoarseness

what virus causes childhood dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

coxsackie virus of the picoRNA family

what virus causes rabies

rhabdovirus

what is present in brain tissue in a rabies patient

negri bodies

what shape is the rhabdo virus that causes rabies

bullet shaped

how is rabies transmitted

raccoons, bats, and skunk bites are more common in US than dog bites

what does rabies cause

``` hydrophobia dysphagia agitation paralysis coma ```

what virus causes poliomyelitis

picornavirus

what does poliomyelitis cause

flaccid muscle paralysis (LMN sign) due to destruction of ventral or anterior horn cell damage

what does "ARBO" mean in the term ARBO viruses

arthropod borne

what are ARBO viruses caused by? arthropods obviously, but what virus specifically? exceptions?

flavivirus (w and ve encephalitis toga ??) except california encephalitis which is bunya virus

what are 4 ARBO viruses

``` DEWY dengue fever encephalitis west nile fever yellow fever ```

how is encephalitis causing viruses spread? what vector?

mosquitos

what are the 3 different kinds of encephalitis? | what are the viruses that cause them?

western encephalitis - flavivirus /togavirus ?? venezuelan equine encephalitis - flavivirus /toga ?? california encephalitis - bunya virus

what virus causes yellow fever? | and what is its vector

flavivirus aedes aegypti mosquito (note: same vector and virus as dengue fever but different symptoms - no jaundice)

what are the symptoms of yellow fever

fever and juandice

what virus causes west nile fever? | and what is its vector?

flavivirus cullex pipiens mosquito

what virus causes dengue fever? | and what is its vector?

flavivirus aedes aegypti mosquito (note: same vector and virus as yellow fever but different symptoms - jaundice)

what are the 4 categories of RNA viruses

positive sense negative sense ambisense double stranded

which RNA virus is acid labile

rhinovirus

what virus is the leading cause of the common cold

rhinovirus | coronavirus

SARS stands for what associated with what virus

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

norwalk virus is what kind of virus

calicivirus

how does someone get infected by norwalk virus

contaminated food | fecal oral route

what does norwalk virus cause

gastroenteritis

what is another term for breakbone fever

dengue fever

which virus has club shaped surface projections that give its appearance

coronavirus

how is yellow and dengue fever transmitted to humans

monkeys to mosquitos to humans

what fever/virus causes eosinophilic hyaline masses called councilman bodies in the infected liver cells

yellow fever - ARBOvirus

what is the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in the US

west nile virus

echoviruses are what type of viruses

picornavirus

echoviruses cause what

meningitis, skin rash, heart disease

what viruses contain hemagglutinin neuraminidase

paramyxoviruses

what type of virus is ebola virus

filovirus

what does ebola cause

african hemorrhagic fever then death

what is caused by a negative reaction to aspirin when taken for a viral infection such as influenza

reyes syndrome causes fatty liver and encephalopathy

influenza contains what specifically that makes it necessary to vaccine yearly

antigenic shift or drift drift - small mutation shift - big mutation causes flu so thats why we take vaccine yearly

RNA Viruses Flashcards

(74 cards)