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Parasites Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two different classifications of parasites

A

protozoa

metazoa

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2
Q

what is a protozoa

what is a metazoa

A

unicellular animal like parasites

helminths or multicellular parasites

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3
Q

what are the 3 different types of protozoa

characteristics of each type

A

amoebae - motile by pseudopodia

flagellate - motile by flagella

sporozoa - non motile

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4
Q

what are the 3 different types of metazoa

characteristics of each type

A

nematodes - round worms

trematodes - flat worms or flukes

cestodes - flat or tape worms

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5
Q

what groups of parasites are considered flat worms or platyhelminthes

A

trematodes (flukes) and cestodes (tape worms)

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6
Q

what group of parasites are considered to be nemathelminthes

A

nematodes (round worms)

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7
Q

what is the only amoeba we talk about and what disease does it cause

A

entamoeba histolytica

amoebiasis

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8
Q

what two forms does entamoeba histolytica exist as

whats the difference

A

trophozoites - active and motile - irregular shape with pseudopodia

cysts - resistant and nonmotile - spherical shape with 4 nuclei and mass of glycogen

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9
Q

when a cyst forms a trophozoite, what is this called?

when a trophozoite forms a cyst, what is this called?

A

excystation

encystation

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10
Q

how does entamoeba histolytica infection occur

A

ingestion of mature cysts in fecal contaminated water, food, hands, insects

cysts will convert to trophozoites via excystation and then multiply producing more cysts and trophozoites

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11
Q

what is the infective form of entamoeba histolytica

A

cysts are the infective form

NOT trophozoites (which are responsible for pathogenicity)

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12
Q

what is the life cycle of entamoeba histolytica

A

ingest cyst (infective form) in contaminated food or water

cysts go to small intestine where excystation occurs
(cyst –> trophozoite)

trophozoites migrate to large intestine where they multiply by binary fission and produce cysts via encystation

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13
Q

what is the cause of amebiasis

what are the symptoms

A

entamoeba histolytica

bloody diarrhea

will end up leading to liver abscess and RUQ pain

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14
Q

what are the flagellate parasites

A

trichomonas vaginalis

giardia lambiia

trypanosmoma

leishmania

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15
Q

what are the sporozoa parasites

A

cryptosporidium

toxoplasma gondii

plasmodium

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16
Q

what parasite causes vaginitis

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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17
Q

trichomonas vaginalis causes

A 
vaginitis 
foul smelling*
green discharge*
itching 
burning
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18
Q

how is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted

A

sex

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19
Q

what parasite causes hikers diarrhea

A

giardia lambiia

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20
Q

what disease does giardia lambiia cause

symptoms

A

hiker diarrhea or giardiasis

bloating
flatulence
foul smelling diarrhea
fatty mucousy diarrhea

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21
Q

what parasite causes bloating, flatulence, and foul smelling diarrhea

A

giardia lambiia

contain 4 pairs of flagella

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22
Q

how is giardia lambiia transmitted

A

cysts in water

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23
Q

what are the different types of trypansoma

A

trypansoma

  • cruzi
  • gambiense
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24
Q

what is the parasite that causes chagas disease

A

trypansoma cruzi

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25
what is the vector or insect that causes trypansoma cruzi/chagas disease
kissing reduviid sand fly or bug
26
what is the parasite that causes african sleeping sickness
trypansoma gambiense
27
what is the vector or insect that causes trypansoma gambiense/african sleeping sickness
tsetse fly bite
28
what organ does chagas disease affect
heart
29
what parasite causes kala azar what is this disease also called
leishmania donovani black fever
30
what is the vector or insect that transmit leishmania donovani
sandfly bite
31
what are the different types of sporozoa
cryptosporidium toxoplasma gondii plasmodium
32
what is also known as beaver fever
giardiasis - hikers diarrhea from drinking stagnant stream water
33
what are the symptoms of kala azar or black fever
viscerotropic
34
what parasite causes severe diarrhea in AIDS patients and mild disease in non HIV (watery diarrhea)
cryptosporidium
35
how is cryptosporidium transmitted
cysts in water
36
what parasite causes toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma gondii
37
what parasite causes miscarriages in first trimester and birth defects
taxoplasma gondii
38
what parasite is transmitted via cat feces or uncooked meat
toxoplasma gondii
39
how is toxoplasma gondii transmitted
cat feces or undercooked meat
40
what parasite is most common form of malaria what is the most deadly or fatal form
MC - plasmodium vivax MD - plasmodium falciparum
41
what form of malaria can cause black water fever
plasmodim falciparum most fatal form of malaria
42
what parasite causes malaria
plasmodium
43
what is the vector for plasmodium vivax
female anopheles mosquito bite most common form of malaria injects sporozoites into human blood which then multiply as merozoites inside RBCs
44
where does malaria parasite replication take place
replicates in RBCs
45
what are the symptoms of malaria
anemia - affects RBCs chronic splenomegaly
46
what is the infective stage of malaria
sporozoites
47
what stage of malaria occurs where is spreads throughout body and creates pathogenicity
merozoite
48
what is the infective form of giardiasis
cysts
49
what are the different types of nematodes
ascaris lumbricoides necator americanus enterobius vermicularis stronglyoides stercoralis trichuris trichuria trichinella spiralis onchocerca volvulus wuchereria bancrofti loa loa - eye worms
50
what is the plasmodium associated with convulsions
plasmodium falciparum
51
ascaris lumbricoides is what kind of nematode
round worm
52
necator americanus is what kind of nematode
hookworm
53
enterobius vermicularis is what kind of nematode
pinworm
54
strongyloides stercoralis is what kind of nematode
threadworm
55
trichuris trichura is what kind of nematode
whipworm
56
trichinella spiralis is what kind of nematode
pork roundworm
57
what is the vector that carries onchocerca volvulus
simulium blackfly bite
58
what nematode causes river blindness
onchocerca volvulus
59
what vector causes river blindness
simulinium blackfly bite via onchocerca volvulus
60
what nematode causes elephantiasis
wuchereria bancrofti
61
what vector causes elephantiasis
aedes aegypti mosqutio via wuchereria bancrofti
62
what vector carries the nematode wuchereria bancrofti
aedes aegypti mosquito
63
what nematode causes eye worms
loa loa
64
what vector carries the nematode loa loa
mango or chrysops fly bite
65
what nematode is carried by the mango or chrysops fly
loa loa
66
where is loa loa commonly found
west central africa
67
which parasite is associated with filarial worms
wuchereria bancrofti causes elephantiasis
68
inverted flask shaped ulcers of large intestine are associated with what parasite
entamoeba histolytica
69
what is the most common roundworm in the US
enterobius vermicularis
70
what nematode or roundworm is found in the soil and penetrates the skin of bare feet
necator americanus strongyloides stercoralis
71
what roundworm is transmitted by undercooked meat
trichinella spiralis - pork worm not taenia because thats a tapeworm
72
what parasite is caused by infected freshwater that penetrates skin while swimming or standing in water what is the intermediate host
schistosoma snails
73
what are the different types of trematodes
schistosoma clonorchis sinsensis paragonimus westermani
74
what organs are mainly affected by schistosoma hematobium - schistosoma mansoni - schsitosoma japonicum -
bladder liver gut
75
chinese liver fluke is another name for
clonorchis sinsensis
76
how is clonorchis sinsensis or chinese liver fluke transmitted to humans
ingestion of raw undercooked, raw, smoked, pickled freshwater fish
77
what roundworm is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water with feces
ascaris lumbricoides
78
what tapeworm is acquired after eating undercooked pork
taenia solium
79
what roundworm is acquired after eating undercooked pork
trichinella spiralis
80
what is a tape worm associated with anemia (B12 to be specific)
diphyllobothrium
81
what cestode or tape worm is found in beef
taenia saginata
82
what cestode or tape worm is found in pork
taenia solium
83
what cestode is the largest fish tapeworm and located in fish of canada and alaska
diphyllobothrium
84
what parasite is the smallest and is considered the dwarf tapeworm
hymenolepis nana
85
what are the cestodes or tapeworms
taenia diphyllobothrium hymenolepis nana echinococcus granulosus
86
what cestode causes hydatid disease because it contains hydatid cysts
echinococcus granulosus
87
where do tapeworms reside
small intestine
88
what parasite is associated with sheep raising areas and could be related to contact with contaminated dog/canine feces
echinococcus granulosus
89
what is a chlorine resistant cyst
crytosporidium parvum
90
what is scotch tape test for
enterobious vermicularis
91
walking on a beach
nector americanus

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