Fungi

Question 1

what are the 4 dermatophyte fungal organisms

what do they require to grow

Answer 1

trichophyton

microsporum

epidermophyton floccosum

tinea

require keratin*

Question 2

what is the reservoir for microsporum

Answer 2

pets

Question 3

what dermatophyte has a pet as a reservoir

Answer 3

microsporum

Question 4

what regions are affected by the dermatophte tinea

Answer 4

RINGWORM

capitis - head or scalp 
barbae - beard  
corporis - body 
cruris - groin - "jock itch"
pedis - feet - "athletes foot"  
manum - hand 
unguium - nail

Question 5

what is the most common dermatophyte that causes athletes foot

Answer 5

trichophyton rubrum

Question 6

what is the most common dermatophyte located on the head

Answer 6

trichophyton tonsurans

Question 7

what are other superficial fungi that are not dermatophytes which means they dont require keratin to grow but are still present on the skin

Answer 7

pityriasis versicolor

candida albicans

piedra hortae

trichosporum beigelli

Question 8

pityriasis versicolor is caused by what

Answer 8

malassezia furfur

Question 9

what superficial fungal infection has fine scaly patches of hyperpigementation and hypopigementation on the skin

Answer 9

pityriasis versicolor

Question 10

what superficial fungal infection degrades lipids in the skin producing acids which inhibits melanin production

Answer 10

pityriasis versicolor

Question 11

what superficial fungal infection has spaghetti and meatball appearance of KOH skin scrapings

Answer 11

pityriasis versicolor

Question 12

what superficial fungal infection has itching red rash in moist places like armpits, vagina, and groin

Answer 12

candida albicans

Question 13

what is a superficial fungal infection that can cause diaper rash

Answer 13

candida albicans

Question 14

what superficial fungal infection has increased incidence in diabetics and people on broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 14

candida albicans

Question 15

what superficial fungal infection causes black nodules on the hair

Answer 15

piedra hortae

Question 16

what superficial fungal infection causes white or beige nodules on the hair

Answer 16

trichosporum beigelli

beige in name

Question 17

what are the subcutaneous fungal infections

Answer 17

sporothrix schenckii

madurella mycetomatis or grisea

Question 18

what subcutaneous fungal infections is dimorphic and lives on vegetation such as bush thorns and flowers

Answer 18

sporothrix schenckii

Question 19

what subcutaneous fungal infections causes bumping skin lesion in legs or arms of rose growers or gardeners

Answer 19

sporothrix schenckii

Question 20

what subcutaneous fungal infection causes rose gardeners disease

Answer 20

sporothrix schenckii

rose gardeners disease = sporotrichiosis

Question 21

what subcutaneous fungal infection causes warty lesion on the feet of woodcutters

Answer 21

madurella mycetomatis or grisea

Question 22

madura foot is common in what people

what is appearance and cause

what is the fungus

Answer 22

woodcutters

warty lesions on feet

madurella mycetomatis or grisea

Question 23

what are the systemic fungal infections

Answer 23

histoplasama capsulatum
coccidiodes immitis
blastomyces dermatidis
paracoccidiodes

Question 24

what is another term for histoplasmosis

Answer 24

ohio valley fever

Question 25

histoplasmosis is commonly found in what 2 regions of america

Answer 25

ohio river valley mississippi river valley

Question 26

how is histoplasma capsulatum spread

Answer 26

inhalation of spores from bat or chicken poop NOT person to person

Question 27

what systemic fungal infection is found in bat droppings in caves or chicken poop on farms

Answer 27

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 28

what systemic fungal infection is asymptomatic in immunocompetent people why is this what are the organs does the fungus attack in a immunecompromized patient

Answer 28

histoplasma capsulatum hides in macrophages lung, spleen, liver, adrenals (upper quadrant stuff)

Question 29

what is coccodiomycosis also called

Answer 29

san joaquin valley fever

Question 30

what systemic fungal infection is found in the deserts of southwestern US

Answer 30

coccidiodes immitis coccodiomycosis aka san joaquin vally fever

Question 31

what fungus causes san joaquin valley fever

Answer 31

coccoidiodes immitis

Question 32

how is coccoidiodes immitis spread

Answer 32

inhalation of spores

Question 33

what systemic fungal infection causes systemic infection including lung infection, joint pain, and erythema nodosum on legs

Answer 33

coccoidiomycosis or san joaquin valley fever

Question 34

what systemic fungal infection is found on the east coast or eastern seabord of the US

Answer 34

blastomyces dermatidis or north american blastomycosis

Question 35

what is another term for blastomyces dermatidis what about paracoccoidiodes brasiliensis

Answer 35

north american blastomycosis south american blastomycosis

Question 36

how is north and south blastomycosis (blastomyces dermatidis and paracoccoidiodes brasiliensis) transmitted

Answer 36

inhalation of spores

Question 37

all systemic fungal infections are spread by what

Answer 37

inhalation of spores

Question 38

blastomyces dermatidis infects what tissues

Answer 38

lung infection skin infection bone infection

Question 39

what is a common systemic fungal infection in latin american males

Answer 39

paracoccoidiodes brasiliensis

Question 40

what systemic fungal infection has spores with multiple buds like spokes on a wheel

Answer 40

paracoccoidiodes brasiliensis

Question 41

what systemic fungal infection causes mouth and nose ulcerations

Answer 41

paracoccoidiodes brasiliensis

Question 42

what people do oppurtunistic infections affect

Answer 42

HIV and AIDS patients

Question 43

what are the oppurtunistic fungal infections

Answer 43

aspergillus fumigatus cryptococcus neoformans candida albicans pneumocystis jiroveci/carinii

Question 44

what oppurtunistic fungal infection is found in decaying vegetation, nuts, or grains

Answer 44

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 45

what oppurtunistic fungal infection has a feature of a "fungal ball" in lung on xray

Answer 45

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 46

what oppurtunistic fungal infection causes hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

Answer 46

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 47

what oppurtunistic fungal infection is transmitted by pigeon poop and other bird droppings

Answer 47

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 48

what oppurtunistic fungal infection shows an owl eye appearance when prepared with indian ink

Answer 48

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 49

what oppurtunistic fungal infection causes meningitis and brain abscess

Answer 49

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 50

what oppurtunistic fungal infection causes severe infection in HIV/AIDS patients

Answer 50

candida albicans

Question 51

what oppurtunistic fungal infection causes thrush

Answer 51

candida albicans

Question 52

what oppurtunistic fungal infection causes severe sore throat and dysphagia

Answer 52

candida albicans

Question 53

what are symptoms of thrush

Answer 53

severe sore throat and dysphagia

Question 54

what is the only dimorphic oppurtunistic fungal infection

Answer 54

candida albicans

Question 55

what fungal infection is the most common in HIV/AIDs patients and is the most common cause of death in HIV/AIDS patients

Answer 55

pneumocystis jivoreci/carinii

Question 56

what oppurtunistic fungal infection presents with a ground glass appearance on chest xray

Answer 56

pneumocystis jivoreci/carinii

Question 57

pneumocystis jivoreci/carinii presents with what finding on xray

Answer 57

ground glass appearance

Question 58

what oppurtunistic fungal infection demonstrates pseudohyphae and budding yeasts on tissue scrapings

Answer 58

candida albicans

Question 59

what oppurtunistic fungal infection was previously classified as a protozoa

Answer 59

pneumocystis jivoreci when it was protozoa it was known as pneumocystis carinii

Question 60

what methods are used to detect ring worms or dermatophytes

Answer 60

woods lamp = uv light skin scrapings, tested in postassium hydroxide KOH no blood tests

Question 61

what are some virulence factors of fungi

Answer 61

keratinase - attacks skin proteinase - attacks muscle elastase - attacks connective tissue