Infection Control and Prevention

Question 1

what are the 3 ways to reduce pathogens

Answer 1

pasteurization
sterilization
disinfection

Question 2

what uses heat or chemicals to destroy all life - viruses, bacteria, and spores

Answer 2

sterilization

Question 3

what exposes milk to progressively higher temperatures

Answer 3

pasteurization

Question 4

what uses chemicals to destroy most pathogens but spores may remain

Answer 4

disinfection

Question 5

what are the 7 steps to water purification

Answer 5

filtration 
flocculation
sedimentation 
sand filtration 
sludge digestion 
aeration 
chlorination 

flouridation - not part of purifcation but maybe added at the end

Question 6

what step allows water to pass through the material with pores of different sizes

Answer 6

filtration

Question 7

what step adds aluminum which causes precipitation of certain materials

Answer 7

flocculation

Question 8

what step allows precipitate to settle out

Answer 8

sedimentation

Question 9

what step allows water to pass through the sand which removes the anaerobic bacteria

Answer 9

sand filtration

Question 10

what step adds anaerobic bacteria

Answer 10

sludge digestion

Question 11

what step bubbles oxygen through water to kill the anaerobic bacteria

Answer 11

aeration

Question 12

what step adds chlorine which kills all remaining bacteria

Answer 12

chlorination

Question 13

what agency takes care of meat and milk inspection

Answer 13

department of agriculture

Question 14

what agency takes care of quality of drugs, cosmetics, food, advertising of health products

Answer 14

food and drug administration

Question 15

what agency does disease surveillance and restaurant inspections

Answer 15

public health department

Question 16

what agency takes care of our water and air quality

Answer 16

environmental detection agency

Question 17

what agency inspects the quality of dairy products

Answer 17

united states dairy association

Question 18

what agency inspects workplace safety and handling of hazards materials

Answer 18

occupational safety health administration

Question 19

what agency provides epidemiological research and primarily deals with health stats

Answer 19

center of disease control

Question 20

what agency oversees health care to the underserved or people of lower socioeconomics

Answer 20

health services administration

Question 21

what agency oversees majority of disease research and provides funding for research

Answer 21

national institute of health

Question 22

what is the study of causes, distribution, and control of diseases in a population

Answer 22

epidemiology

Question 23

what is the number of new cases in a population in a given time

Answer 23

incidence

Question 24

what is the number of people with the disease at a given time

Answer 24

prevalence

Question 25

what is the number of people who died from a particular disease

Answer 25

mortality

Question 26

what is the number of people who have a particular disease

Answer 26

morbidity

Question 27

what is an estimate as to how long the general population will live

Answer 27

life expectancy

Question 28

what is a sudden increase in the number of disease locally

Answer 28

epidemic

Question 29

what is the NORMAL occurrence of disease in a particular location

Answer 29

endemic

Question 30

what is a sudden increase in the number of disease worldwide

Answer 30

pandemic

Question 31

what is a disease that has newly appeared

Answer 31

emerging disease

Question 32

what is a disease that has existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence

Answer 32

re-emerging disease

Question 33

what are examples of emerging diseases

Answer 33

Hantavirus - pulmonary syndrome HIV/AIDS H1N1 swine flu Ebola Lassa fever Lyme disease - borrelia burgdorferi SARS - coronavirus

Question 34

what are examples of re-emerging diseases

Answer 34

Multi drug resistant tuberculosis methicilin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 35

what is a international health agency

Answer 35

world health organization

Question 36

what is an increase in disease in a large number of cases in particular population

Answer 36

epidemic

Question 37

what is a disease that occurs regularly in a population

Answer 37

endemic

Question 38

what is an outbreak of disease over a wide georgraphical area

Answer 38

pandemic

Question 39

what are two types of epidemiological studies

Answer 39

descriptive - who where when analytical - observation and experiment aka cohort and case control studies

Question 40

what are the different types of prevention

Answer 40

primary - prevent disease from happening in first place secondary - early detection and treatment tertiary - prevent further complication and mobidity

Question 41

what are types of direct transmission indirect transmission

Answer 41

direct - touching, sex, biting, droplets, sneezing and coughing indirect - airborne aerosols or droplet nuclei, vehicle borne (fomites), vector borne (mosquitos, ticks)

Question 42

what is the process of reducing the number of microbes so that the possibility of infection is reduced

Answer 42

sanitization

Question 43

what is growth of unwanted microbes or presence of microbial toxins in blood and tissues

Answer 43

sepsis

Question 44

what is the practice to prevent the entry of infection into sterile tissues

Answer 44

asepsis

Question 45

what is the practice of applying chemical agents to exposed body surfaces, wounds, and surgical incisions to destro and inhibit vegetative pathogens

Answer 45

antisepsis

Question 46

what are the methods of cleaning using moist heat

Answer 46

sterilization - autclave and tyndallization disinfection - boiling water and pasteurization

Question 47

what is autoclave

Answer 47

steam under pressure

Question 48

which agency is in charge of research which is in charge of stats

Answer 48

research - NIH stats - CDC

Question 49

what are the different methods of pasteurization

Answer 49

holding/batch method - 145/56 - 30 min flash/continuous - 161-65 - 15 sec ultrahigh - 191-90 - 2-5 sec sterilization/autoclave - 274/121 - 15 min

Question 50

what is autoclave and sterilization what does it do what doesnt it do

Answer 50

steam heat under pressure denatures membranes ineffective against prions

Question 51

what agency is part of US health services department of navy

Answer 51

CDC

Question 52

where is us health services department of the navy located

Answer 52

atlanta georgia

Question 53

what agency controls the FDA, CDC, and USPHS us public health services

Answer 53

department of health and human services HHS

Question 54

where is the national institute of health located

Answer 54

betheseda, maryland

Question 55

what are leading causes of death in infants adults and worldwide deaths

Answer 55

infants - 1. congenital malformations 2. prematurity adults - 1. heart dz 2. cancer 3. stroke 4. respiratory infection 5. accidents worldwide - 1. TB 2. Malaria

Question 56

what are the first 4 steps of the water purification process considered

Answer 56

primary sewage treatment rest is secondary