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Microbiology > Bacteria Ch 24-29 Spirochetes- Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Bacteria Ch 24-29 Spirochetes- Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

describe the microbe treponema pallidum

A
  • gram negative spriochete but no LPS
  • flagella in an axial filament between inner and outer membrane
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2
Q

how is treponema pallidum transmitted

A
  • sexual and congenital transmission in body fluids and mucous membranes
    -fragile
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3
Q

what causes disease symptoms in treponema pallidum infections

A

host response

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4
Q

what disease does treponema pallidum cause

A

syphilis

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5
Q

what are the stages of syphilis

A
  • local: hard chancre/ulcer at site of infection; infectious
    2. disseminated: rash, aches; mucous membrane lesions; infectious
    3. gummas: damage to blood vessels, eyes, CNS; insanity, not infectious
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6
Q

what is primary syphilis and how long does it last

A

2-6 weeks
- chancre, which heals spontaneously, giving salse sense of relief

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7
Q

how long does the asymptomatic period of spyhilis last

A

2-24 weeks

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8
Q

what is secondary syphilis and how long does it last

A

-2;6 weeks
-symptoms resolve spontaneously but 25% recurrence in a year

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9
Q

what percentage of primary syphilis infections go onto secondary

A

50%

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10
Q

microbe persists for _____ of secondary infections with _____ exhibiting tertiary syphilis

A

2/3; 1/2

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11
Q

what is tertiary syphilis

A

diffuse, chronic inflammation

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12
Q

when do gummas form

A

in tertiary syphilis

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13
Q

what is a gumma and where is it found

A

granuloma lesion = inflammatory mass which can perforate
- can be found on roof of mouth or any other tissues

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14
Q

how is congenital syphilis preventable

A

penicilin treatment early in pregnancy

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15
Q

when is syphilis highly lethal

A
  • in utero
  • when born without symptoms: high lethality typical of young children with facial and dental abnormailities like hutchinsons incisors or mulberry molars
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16
Q

when in penicilin used to treat syphilis infections

A

in primary or secondary infections

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17
Q

what is the vaccine for syphilis

A

there is none

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18
Q

describe the microbe borrelia

A

gram negative spirochete

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19
Q

what microbe causes lyme disease

A

borrellia burgdoreferi

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20
Q

what animal hosts borrelia burgdorferi

A

ixodes scapularis tick

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21
Q

when is lyme disease risk the greatest

A

in spring and summer

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22
Q

what is the mode of transmission for lyme disease

A

-ticks
- reservoir: rodents, deer

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23
Q

what are the symptoms of acute lyme disease

A

-local- fever

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24
Q

what are the symptoms of disseminated lyme disease and when does this occur

A
  • nerve paralysis with heart arrhythmia
    2-8 weeks
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25
Q

what are the symptoms of chronic lyme disease and when does this occur

A

arthritis, CNS paralysis due to persistent immune response
- more than 6 months

26
Q

what is the vaccine for lyme disease

A

there is none

27
Q

what is the virulence factor for borrelia spp

A
  • antigenic variation
  • surface binding proteins
28
Q

what is the vaccine for relapsing fever

A

none

29
Q

what microbes cause relapsing fever

A

-B. recurrentis
- B. miyamotoi

30
Q

what are the clincial features of borrelia spp

A

lyme disease and relapsing fever

31
Q

describe the microbe rickettsia

A
  • gram negative
  • obligate intracellular parasite
  • causes vascular hemorrhages
32
Q

what are the virulence factros for rickettsia

A
  • intracellular growth and rapid cell to cell spread from cell projections by actin rockets and through cell lysis
33
Q

how is rickettsia transmitted

A

-wood tick
- reservoir: wild rodents

34
Q

what diseasedoes rickettsia cause

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

35
Q

what type of disease is rocky mountain spotted fever

A

CTL immune disease

36
Q

describe rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  • rash of extremities, then trunk
  • hemorrhagic lesions with disseminated vascular CTL lysis of endothelial cells -> spots
  • dissemination to heart, kidneys -> shock and death
37
Q

what is the mortality percentage for rocky mountain spotted fever if untreated

A

20-40%

38
Q

what is the treatment for rocky mountain spotted fever

A

doxycyline or fluoroquinolones

39
Q

what is the vaccine for rocky mountain spotted fever

A

none

40
Q

describe the microbe chlamydia trachomatis

A

-gram negative
- obligate intracellular parasite
- no peptidoglycan synthesis

41
Q

what disease does chlamydia trachomatis cause

A

chlamydia

42
Q

what is the most frequent STI and what are the next 3

A

chlamydia trachomatis, then gonorrhea, AIDS and syphilis

43
Q

what causes disease manifestations in chlamydia trachomatis

A

inflammatory cytokines released from infected cells

44
Q

what are the 2 identification methods for chlamydia trachomatis

A

iodine or specific fluorescein- labeled antibodies

45
Q

what is the mechanism of action of chlamydia trachomatis

A

EB: epithelial cell adhesion to microvilli -> RB in phagosomes -> replication and division -> EB -> cell lysis/exocytosis

46
Q

what are EB and RB in chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • EB: elementary body, stable, infectious
  • RB: reticulate body, replicating, fragile, non infectious
47
Q

describe the gonorrheal like sexual disease caused by CMI responses

A
  • 8 serotypes
  • mucopurulent urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis
  • mobility by adhesion to sperm -> PID -> scarring -> ectopic pregnancy
    and decreased fertility
48
Q

how many serotypes are there in lymphogranuloma venereum

A

3

49
Q

how mnay serotypes are there in trachoma and what are the symptoms

A

-4
- endemic chornic eye infection, blindness
- opthalmia neonatorum with conjunctivitis and pneumonia

50
Q

do you get immune protection from chlamydia infection

A

none

51
Q

what happens with reinfection of chlamydia

A

stronger CMI

52
Q

what causes walking pneumonia

A

C. pneumoniae

53
Q

what is the leading bacterial infection in the US

A

chlamydia

54
Q

describe mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  • non gram staining, strong membrane
  • no sterilization by filtration
  • mycoplasma species are smallest prokaryote
  • strict aerobe
55
Q

what are the virulence factors for mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

-P1 adhesin for ciliated respiratory epithelium: loss of ciliated cells: no mucus clearing from lungs
- slow growth

56
Q

is there a vaccine for mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

no

57
Q

is there immunity after an infection from mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

fading protective immunity after recovery

58
Q

describe the disease caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and the transmission

A

-atypical, mild pneumonia
- the leading cause in schools, students and military
- aerosol transmission in crowded conditions

59
Q

what are the available vaccines for pneumococcal pneumonia, kiebsella pneumonia, and mycoplasmal pneumonia

A

-pneumococcal pneumonia: capsular vaccine availble
- kiebsella pneumonia: none
-mycoplasmal pneumonia: none

60
Q

what is the simplest free living bacterium

A

mycoplasma genitalium

61
Q

what is known as walking pneumonia and why

A

mycoplasma pneumonia because it is mild and does not require hospitalization

Microbiology (39 decks)

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