Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Sterilization, Disinfection and Antisepsis > Flashcards

Sterilization, Disinfection and Antisepsis Flashcards

(42 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is cross infection

A

transmission of infectious agents among patients and staff in a clinical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are cross infection risks in dentistry

A
  • patients with infectious disease
  • patients in the prodromal or convalescent stage of infection
  • healthy carriers
  • environmental sources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are universal precautions

A

all patients are treated as though they are a potential source of infectious pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the airborne routes for spread of cross infection

A
  • dust borne routes: staphylococcus from skin scales, clostridium tetani from enivronmental dust
  • aerosol routes: large droplets, droplet nuclei, speaking, sneezing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the contact routes of cross infection

A

-person to person: direct spread by hands or clothes or fomites
- equipment: dental instruments, chairs, impression materials
- fluids: dental water supplies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the sources, ,inoculation, and prevention of parenteral spread of cross infection

A
  • blood, saliva, secretions
  • eye, skin breach, mucous membranes, sharps injury
  • training in use and disposal of sharps, Hep B vaccine, wear gloves, dress wounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is sterilization

A

destruction of all microbial forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is disinfection

A

destruction of most microbial forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are disinfectants used on

A

inanimate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is antisepsis

A

inhibition or eliminatino of microbes on living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are antispetics

A

chemical agents that kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms when applied to tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is sanitization

A

reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do -cidal agents do

A

kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do - static agents do

A

inhibit growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the pattern of microbial death

A
  • not killed instantly
  • population death occurs exponentially
  • microorganisms are considered to be dead when they are unable to reproduce in conditions that normally support theirreproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the conditions influencing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agent activity

A

-population size
- population composition
- concentration or intenstiy of an antimicrobial agent
- duration of exposure
- temperature
- local environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the use of physical methods in control

Study These Flashcards
A

-heat
- low temperatures
- filtration
- radiation

18
Q

what does moist heat do

Study These Flashcards
A
  • effective against all types of microorganisms
  • degrades nucleic acids, denatures proteins and disrupts membranes
19
Q

what is dry heat sterilization

Study These Flashcards
A
  • less effective, requiring higher temperatures and longer exposure times
    -oxidized cell constituents and denatures proteins
20
Q

what is thermal death time

Study These Flashcards
A

shortest time needed to kill all microorganims in a suspension at a specific temperature and under defined conditions

21
Q

what is decimal reduction time

Study These Flashcards
A

time required to kill 90% of microorganisms or spores in a sample at a specific temperature

22
Q

what is the Z value

Study These Flashcards
A

increase in temperature required to reduce D to 10% of original value

23
Q

what do autoclaves do

Study These Flashcards
A
  • used to kill endospores efficiently
  • used saturated steam under pressure to reach temperature above boiling
24
Q

what is pasteurization

Study These Flashcards
A

controlled heating temperature well below boiling
- reduced total microbial population and thereby increases shelf life of treated material

25
what is flash pasteurization
-high temperature short term - 72 degrees C for 15 seconds
26
what is ultrahigh temperature sterilization
140- 150 degrees C for 1 to 3 seconds
27
what does freezing do
-stops microbial reproduction due to lack of liquid water - some microorganisms killed by ice crystal disruption of cell membranes
28
what does refrigeration do
slows microbial growth and reproduction
29
what does filtration do
reduced microbial population or sterilized solutions of heat sensitive materials by removing microorganisms
30
what are depth filters
thick fibrous or granular filters that remove microorganisms by physical screening, entrapment and or adsorption
31
what are membrane filters
porous membranes with defined pore sizes that remove microroganisms primarily by physical screening
32
what are ways to filter air in the office
-surgical maska - high efficiency particular air filters
33
what does UV radiation do
limited to surface sterilization because UV radiation does not penetrate glass, dirt films, water and other substances
34
what does ionizing radiation do
- penetrates deep into objects - destroys bacterial endospores; not always effective against viruses - used for sterilization and pasteurization of antibiotics, hormones, sutures, plastic disposable supplies and food
35
what do phenolics do
- used as laboratory and hospital disinfectants - denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes - tuberculocidal, effective in presence of organic material and long lasting - disagreeable odor and can cause skin irritation
36
what do alcohols do
- bactericidal, fungicidal but not sporicidal - inactivate some viruses - denature proteins and possibly dissolve membrane lipids - 60-90% in water
37
what does iodine do
- skin antiseptic - oxidizes cell constituents and iodinates proteins - at high concentrations may kill spores - skin damage, staining, and allergies can be a problem
38
what does chlorine do
- oxidizes cell constituents - important in disinfection of water supplies and swimming pools, used in dairy and food industries, effective household disinfectant - destroys vegetative bacteria and fungi but not spores - can react with organic matter to form carcinogenic compounds
39
what do heavy metals do
-effective but usually toxic - combine with and inactivate proteins; may also precipitate proteins
40
what do quaternary ammonium compounds do
- detergents: organic molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends. act as wetting agents and emulsifiers - cationic detergents are effective disinfectants: kill most bacteria but not M tuberculosis or endospores
41
what do aldehydes do
- highly reactive molecules - sporicidal and can be used as chemical sterilants - combine with and inactivate nucleic acids and proteins
42
what do sterilizing gases do
- used to sterilize heat sensitive materials - microbicidal and sporicidal - combine with and inactivate proteins

Microbiology (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions