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Microbiology > Chapter 46-50 Fungi 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 46-50 Fungi 1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe fungi

A
  • eukaryotes
  • spore forming
  • no chlorophyll
  • most are aerobic - some facultative and strict anaerobes
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2
Q

what do fungi cell walls contain

A

chitin and polysaccharide containing NAG

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3
Q

what are the two growth forms

A
  • filamentous
  • unicellular
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4
Q

describe the filamentous growth form

A
  • threadlike filaments = hyphae
  • mycelium = mass of hyphae
  • septate vs coenocytic hyphae
  • grow by extension of tip and branching
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5
Q

describe unicellular growth

A

-single cells ( ovoid or spherical)
- reproduce asexually by cell division
- sexually by cell fusion and spore formation

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6
Q

some yeast form fungi perform_______

A

asexual cell division by budding, other by transverse division

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7
Q

describe asexual reproduction

A
  • cell division budding
  • transverse division
  • spore formation
  • involves production of sexual spores by meiosis of a diploid cell
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8
Q

what is an anamorph

A

form producing asexual spores
- often mold like growth form

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9
Q

what is a teleomorph

A

form producing sexual spores
- typically a fruiting body

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10
Q

what is dimorphism

A

ability to grow as yeast form or mold form

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11
Q

many pathogenic fungi are _____

A

dimorphic

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12
Q

yeast form is more typical at ____; except

A

human body temperature; candida

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13
Q

both candida forms exist ____and ____

A

inside and outside the body

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14
Q

candida actually forms _____ and ____

A

psuedohyphae and pseudomycelia

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15
Q

what is pseudohyphae

A

hyphal growth is a modified budding where newly budded cells remain attached to mother cell

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16
Q

what pathogenic fungi are not dimorphic

A

aspergillus - mold form only
cryptococcus neoformans- yeast form only

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17
Q

what are mycoses

A

fungal infections

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18
Q

what are the primary mechanisms for fighting fungi

A

-neutrophil phagocytosis and killing
- T cell mediated immunity

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19
Q

what are the types of mycoses

A
  • superficial
  • cutaneous
  • subcutaneous
  • systemic
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20
Q

describe superficial mycoses

A
  • keratinized outer layers of skin, hair, and nails
  • mild infections/minimal inflammatory response
  • easy to treat or clears without treatment
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21
Q

what are piedras and what microbe is responsible

A

infections of hair shaft
- trichosporon beigelii

22
Q

what are tineas and what microbe is responsible

A
  • infections involving outer layers of skin, nails and hair
  • malassezia furfur
23
Q

where do superficial mycoses occur mostly

A

in tropics

24
Q

how is M furfur transmitted

A

human to human

25
Q

what do superficial mycoses look like

A

pigmented macules- not elevated but altered color

26
Q

what are cutaneous mycoses

A
  • keratinized outer layers of skin, hair, and nails
  • skin infection: no invasion beyond stratum corneum
27
Q

what are dermaphytes

A
  • microsporum
  • trichophyton
  • epidermophyton
  • keratinophilic and keratinolytic
28
Q

what do cutaneous mycoses cause

A

tineas - ringworm
- tinea pedis: athletes foot
- tinea cruris: jock itch

29
Q

what is tineas caused by

A

inflammation ring of inflammatory scaling

30
Q

how are cutaneous mycoses transmitted

A

person to person
- some are soil organisms
- others are zoonoses

31
Q

what are subcutaneous mycoses

A
  • dermis and subcutaneous tissue
  • do not respond well to antifungal chemotherapy
  • need to excise
32
Q

what do subcutaneous mycoses cause and what microbe is responsible

A

sporotrichosis
- sporothrix schenkii
- thorns and splinters
- responds to oral potassium iodine

33
Q

what do systemic mycoses do

A

invade internal organs

34
Q

what are systemic mycoses caused by

A

endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens

35
Q

what is a saprobe

A

organism living on dead or decaying matter

36
Q

what is a spherule

A

100s of endospores

37
Q

what is a histoplasmosis caused by

A

histoplasma capsulatum

38
Q

what is a blastomycosis caused by

A

blastomyces dermatitidis

39
Q

what is a coccidiodes immitis caused by

A

coccidioidomycosis

40
Q

what are histoplasma capsulatum transmitted by

A
  • bird or bat droppings
  • acquire fungus by inhalation of conidia
41
Q

what do histoplasma capsulatum do in the body

A

remains viable within macrophages
- modulate pH of phagolysosome
- antibody plays no role in resolution
- cell mediated immune system of CD4 T lymphocytes and activated macrophages are important for immunity
- granulomas develop in lung with caseous necrosis

42
Q

primary infections of histoplasma capsulatum are often _____

A

asymptomatic

43
Q

what is the treatment for histopalsma capsulatum

A

3-12 months of antifungal agent

44
Q

where are blastomyces dermatiditis found and how are they transferred

A
  • found in decaying matter
  • acquire fungus by inhalation of conidia
45
Q

describe blastomyces dermatitis in the body

A
  • cell mediated immune system of CD4 T lymphocytes and activated macrophages are important for immunity
  • granulomas develop with caseous necrosis
  • cutaneous lesions are a hallmark of disease heaped up borders and small, central microabscesses
46
Q

how are blastomyces dermatiditis diagnosed

A

histopathological examination- thick walled yeasts with single broad based bud

47
Q

what is the treatment for blastomyces dermatiditis

A

6-12 months of antifungal agent

48
Q

where are coccidioides immitis found

A

southwestern USA- lower sonoran life zone

49
Q

what is the primary target of coccidioides immitis

A

lung but the fungus spreads through the circulatory system and infects many organs

50
Q

what symptoms go with coccidioides immitis

A
  • acute pulmonary infection
  • arthralgias and skin lesions
  • “desert rheumatism” or “fvalley fever”
  • disseminated coccidioidomycosis
  • chronic meningitis
51
Q

how long is the treatment for coccidiodes immitis

A

12-24 months

Microbiology (39 decks)

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