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Microbiology > Chapter 5 T Cell Mediated Immunity- Activation of T cells > Flashcards

Chapter 5 T Cell Mediated Immunity- Activation of T cells Flashcards

1
Q

describe the induction and effector phases of cell mediated immunity

A
  • induction of response
  • antigen recognition in lymphoid organs
  • T cell expansion and differentiation
  • Differentiated effector T cells enter circulation
  • migration of effector T cells and other leukocytes to site of antigen
  • effector T cells encounter antigens in peripheral tissues
  • activation of effector T cells
  • T cells effector functions
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2
Q

what are the effector functions of T cells

A
  • leukocyte activation: phagocytosis and killing of microbes
  • CTL killing of infected cell
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3
Q

what are the steps in the activation of T lymphcytes

A

-antigen recognition
- cytokine secretion and cytokine receptor expression
- proliferation
- differentiation
- effector functions

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4
Q

what are the effector functions of T lymphocytes

A
  • CD4+: activation of macrophages, B cells, other cells
  • CD8+: killing of infected “target cells”; macrophage activation
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5
Q

what do adhesion molecules do

A

stabilized T cells binding to APCs

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6
Q

what is LFA-1

A

an integrin protein

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7
Q

what is ICAM-1

A

a ligand

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8
Q

explain the role of costimulation in T cell activation

A

activation of APCs by microbes causes an innate immune response using B7 and CD28 causes T cell proliferation and differentiation

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9
Q

what are inhibitory receptors necessary for

A

limiting/terminating immune responses

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10
Q

what are the inhibitory receptors

A
  • B7 and CD28
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11
Q

APCs that engulf virus infected cells and are infected themselves will have antigens presented by _______

A

both class I and II MHC molecules

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12
Q

in the case of APCs that engluf virus infected cells and are infected themselves which is activated first: CD4+ or CD8+

A

CD4+ activates the CD8+ T cell

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13
Q

what is calcineurin neutralized by

A

cyclosporine

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14
Q

what is Akt, mTOR neutralized by

A

rapamycin

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15
Q

what is the principal function of IL-2

A

survival and proliferation of antigen specific T cells

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16
Q

describe the secretion of cytokines and expression of cytokine receptors

A
  • T cell activation by antigen + costimulator
  • secretion of IL-2
  • expression of IL-2Ralpha chain; formation of high affinity IL-2Ralphabetagamma complex
  • IL-2 induced T cell proliferation
17
Q

Which T cell is produced in higher quantity following infection

A

CD8+

18
Q

Describe the development of effector CD4+ T cells

A
  • Tfh cells remain in lymphoid organ, migrate into follicles
  • help B cells produce high affinity antibodies
  • Tfh cells become effector T cells and antibodies enter circulation and go to sites of infection
  • elimination of microbes
19
Q

what do CD4+ cells activate

A

macrophages and B lymphocytes

20
Q

what are the effector functions of macrophages and B lymphocytes in cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity

A
  • cell mediated: macrophages activate and kill phagocytosed microbes
  • humoral: secretion of antibodies with enhanced abilities to neutralize and eliminate antigens
21
Q

what kind of receptor is L-selectin in naive T cellsand what is its ligand

A

selectin
- L-selectin ligand

22
Q

what kind of receptor is LFA-1 in naive T cells and what is its ligand

A

-integrin
-ICAM-1

23
Q

what kind of receptor is CCR-7 in naive T cells and what is its receptor

A

chemokine receptor
- CCL19 or CCL21

24
Q

what kind of receptor is E and P selectin ligand and what is its ligand in activated T cells

A

selectin
- E or P selectin ligand

25
Q

what kind of receptor is VLA-4 and what is its ligand on activated T cells

A

-integrin
- ICAM-1 or VCAM-1

26
Q

what kind of receptor is CXCR3 and what is its ligand on activated T cells

A

-chemokine receptor
- CXCL10

27
Q

where do effector T lymphocytes migrate

A

peripheral tissue

28
Q

what receptors are activating

A

CD28 and ICOS

29
Q

what T cell receptors are inhibitory

A

CTLA-4 and PD-1

30
Q

what are the transcription factors involved in genes for T lymphocytes

A

NFAT
NF kappaB
AP-1

31
Q
A

Microbiology (39 decks)

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