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Bacteria Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is the system institued by Carolus Linnaues for naming microorganisms

A

Binomial nomenclature

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2
Q

What are the two parts of a microorganism name

A

Genus name and specific epithet (species

Also trivial names as well

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3
Q

What is a eukaryotic species

A

A group of closely related organisms that interbreed among themselves (Dogs)

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4
Q

Prokaryotic species

A

A population of cells with similar characteristics

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5
Q

Clone

A

Population of cells derived from a single cell

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6
Q

Strain

A

Genetically different cells within a species

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7
Q

What are the levels of nomanclature from specific to broad

A

Species - Genus - Family - Order - Class - Phyllum - Domain

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8
Q

Related species are placed within the same _________

A

Genus

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9
Q

Related genera (genus) are placed within the same _______-

A

Family

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10
Q

Family names end in

A

Aceae

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11
Q

Order names end in

A

Ales

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12
Q

What are the five ways microorganisms are identified

A

Morphological characteristics
Differential staininng
Biochemical tests
Serological (antibodies)
Molecular Biology technique (most accurate)

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13
Q

Morphological identification of microorganisms

A

Based on cell wall, cell shape etc.

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14
Q

Dichotomous keys

A

Identification method based on successive questions with each Q having 2 possible answers (usually yes or no)

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15
Q

Enterics

A

bacteria whose natural habitat is the GI tract; contain pathogens that cause diarrhea

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16
Q

Two domains of unicellular organisms within prokaryotes

A

Archaea and bacteria

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17
Q

Bacteria domain breaks down further into

A

Gram negative:
- Proteobacteria
- Nonproteobacteria

Gram-Positive:
- Low G+C
- High G+C

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18
Q

What is the main strategy used to distinguish bw bacteria

A

Gram staining

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19
Q

Examples of Nonproteobacteria

A

Chlamydiae
“Chlamydia trachomatis”: STD and eye infections.

Spirochetales:
- Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme disease
- Treponema pallidum: Syphilis

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20
Q

Why are proteobacteria called what they are?

A

After a Greek god that could assume many shapes (Like proteobacteria)

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21
Q

Five classes of proteobacteria

A

Alpha (a) - proteobacteria,
beta (b) -
gamma (g) -
delta (d) -
epsilon (e) -

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22
Q

Alpha-proteobacteria

A

M/os that grow at low level of nutrients

Include agriculturally important bacteria

Include human pathogens
Brucella: Causing brucellosis (to do with diseases contracted from animals)

Rickettsia: Resulting in sportted feveres (transmitted from insects)

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23
Q

Brucella

A

Brucellosis: Genre of zoonotic diseases causesd by animal contact and unpasteruized milk products

Alpha-proteobacteria

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24
Q

Rickettsia

A

Arthropod-borne, Spotted fevers

Alpha-proteobacteria

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25
Examples of Beta proteobacteria
Neisseria: Causing meningitis and Gonorrhoeae Bordetella: Whooping cough
26
Gamma-Proteobacteria
Largest subgroup of proteobacteria Includes enterics - Escherichia - Salmonella Shigella ALSO Vibrio cholerae
27
Which is the largest subgroup of proteobacteria?
Gamma
28
Epsilon Proteobacteria (Main one)
Helicobacter: H. Pylori
29
What is considered to be a low Guanine and cytosine content for G+ bacteria?
Below 55%
30
3 major classes of Gram Positive bacteria
Mollicutes (Myoplasmas) Clostrida (Clostridias) Bacilli
31
Mollicutes (Myoplasmas)
Class of Low G+C Gram+ WITHOUT WALLS Therefore pleomorphic
32
One example of myoplasmic bacteria
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Causes atypical pneumonia
33
Clostridias
Low G+C Gram+ WITH walls Anaerobic Clostridium Produce endospores
34
Name variants of clostridium
Botulism Tetanus Gas gangrene Diarrhea and colitis
35
Bacilli (class of G+)
Low C+G Aerobic HAVE cell wall Produce endospores
36
Ex of bacilli G+
Staphylococus: S. Aureus (Food poisoning)
37
Lactobacilli
Type of G+ Low G+C bacteria WITH a cell wall DO NOT produce endospores
38
Ex of lactobacillie
Lactobacillus (Normal flora of V) Listeria (Food poisioning) Streptococcus (strep throat, impetigo…) Enterococcus (UTIs, Endocarditis)
39
Ex of High G+C Gram+
Include Actinomycetes Mycobacteria Propionibacterium Gardenerella vaginalis
40
Methanogens are a type of
Archaea
41
what one key feature of salmonella as seen on the dichotomous keys
Would produce black precipitate (hydrogen sulfide)
42
Members of the order Enterobacteriales are
Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods
43
major point of distinction amongst members of the order Enterobacteriales
Some members ferment lactose, others are non-lactose fermenters.
44
most likely mode of transmission for healthcare-associated Serratia infections?
Direct contact with the contaminated hands of healthcare personnel
45
Do algae cause infection?
Although algae don’t cause infections directly, some species can produce toxins that cause disease in shellfish, fish, marine mammals, and occasionally in humans who have consumed the shellfish or fish
46
Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria?
Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape.
47
What is the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria
Biochemical tests
48
What test result indicates that the unknown can utilize citrate as its sole carbon source?
The medium turns blue.
49
How is fermentation of lactose detected?
The drop in pH turns the indicator dye yellow an gas may or may not be produced
50
Prokaryotic cells, ester linkages in phospholipids
51
Which is the best differentiators bw the three-domain system?
There are significant differences in nucleotide sequences in ribosomal RNA between all three domains.
52
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on ________.
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences
53
What is the distinct characteristic of the members of the Kingdom Fungi?
They absorb dissolved organic matter.
54
A genus can best be defined as
a taxon composed of one or more species and a classification level lying below family.
55
Describe the order Enterobacteriales
Members of the order Enterobacteriales are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods.
56
major point of distinction amongst members of the order Enterobacteriales?
Some members ferment lactose, others are non-lactose fermenters.
57
most likely mode of transmission for healthcare-associated Serratia infections?
Direct contact with the contaminated hands of healthcare personnel
58
Why are doxycycline and rifampin ideal agents for treating intracellular pathogens such as Brucella and Mycobacteria?
Both agents provide for good penetration of body tissues and reach therapeutic levels. A key point in treatment for infections of intracellular pathogens is penetration of the antibiotic into host cells and tissues where the organism resides.
59
describe the bacterial group found primarily in the intestines of humans?
Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods
60
70S ribosomes
are contained within both Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organims
61
Do E and Ps both contain RNA? DNA?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain both RNA and DNA
62
Are eukaryotes always multicellular?
Can be unicellular or multi
63
If two bacteria are gram positive, but one is low G+C and the other is high G+C, what can be concluded?
The organisms are unrelated
64
best reason to classify streptococcus in the lactobaciallaes
rRNA sequences
65

BIO233 (18 decks)

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