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BIO233 > Bacteria Classification > Flashcards

Bacteria Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is the system institued by Carolus Linnaues for naming microorganisms

A

Binomial nomenclature

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2
Q

What are the two parts of a microorganism name

A

Genus name and specific epithet (species

Also trivial names as well

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3
Q

What is a eukaryotic species

A

A group of closely related organisms that interbreed among themselves (Dogs)

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4
Q

Prokaryotic species

A

A population of cells with similar characteristics

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5
Q

Clone

A

Population of cells derived from a single cell

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6
Q

Strain

A

Genetically different cells within a species

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7
Q

What are the levels of nomanclature from specific to broad

A

Species - Genus - Family - Order - Class - Phyllum - Domain

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8
Q

Related species are placed within the same _________

A

Genus

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9
Q

Related genera (genus) are placed within the same _______-

A

Family

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10
Q

Family names end in

A

Aceae

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11
Q

Order names end in

A

Ales

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12
Q

What are the five ways microorganisms are identified

A

Morphological characteristics
Differential staininng
Biochemical tests
Serological (antibodies)
Molecular Biology technique (most accurate)

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13
Q

Morphological identification of microorganisms

A

Based on cell wall, cell shape etc.

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14
Q

Dichotomous keys

A

Identification method based on successive questions with each Q having 2 possible answers (usually yes or no)

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15
Q

Enterics

A

bacteria whose natural habitat is the GI tract; contain pathogens that cause diarrhea

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16
Q

Two domains of unicellular organisms within prokaryotes

A

Archaea and bacteria

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17
Q

Bacteria domain breaks down further into

A

Gram negative:
- Proteobacteria
- Nonproteobacteria

Gram-Positive:
- Low G+C
- High G+C

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18
Q

What is the main strategy used to distinguish bw bacteria

A

Gram staining

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19
Q

Examples of Nonproteobacteria

A

Chlamydiae
“Chlamydia trachomatis”: STD and eye infections.

Spirochetales:
- Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme disease
- Treponema pallidum: Syphilis

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20
Q

Why are proteobacteria called what they are?

A

After a Greek god that could assume many shapes (Like proteobacteria)

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21
Q

Five classes of proteobacteria

A

Alpha (a) - proteobacteria,
beta (b) -
gamma (g) -
delta (d) -
epsilon (e) -

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22
Q

Alpha-proteobacteria

A

M/os that grow at low level of nutrients

Include agriculturally important bacteria

Include human pathogens
Brucella: Causing brucellosis (to do with diseases contracted from animals)

Rickettsia: Resulting in sportted feveres (transmitted from insects)

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23
Q

Brucella

A

Brucellosis: Genre of zoonotic diseases causesd by animal contact and unpasteruized milk products

Alpha-proteobacteria

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24
Q

Rickettsia

A

Arthropod-borne, Spotted fevers

Alpha-proteobacteria

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25
Q

Examples of Beta proteobacteria

A

Neisseria:
Causing meningitis and Gonorrhoeae

Bordetella: Whooping cough

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26
Q

Gamma-Proteobacteria

A

Largest subgroup of proteobacteria

Includes enterics
- Escherichia
- Salmonella
Shigella

ALSO
Vibrio cholerae

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27
Q

Which is the largest subgroup of proteobacteria?

A

Gamma

28
Q

Epsilon Proteobacteria (Main one)

A

Helicobacter: H. Pylori

29
Q

What is considered to be a low Guanine and cytosine content for G+ bacteria?

A

Below 55%

30
Q

3 major classes of Gram Positive bacteria

A

Mollicutes (Myoplasmas)
Clostrida (Clostridias)
Bacilli

31
Q

Mollicutes (Myoplasmas)

A

Class of Low G+C Gram+
WITHOUT WALLS

Therefore pleomorphic

32
Q

One example of myoplasmic bacteria

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Causes atypical pneumonia

33
Q

Clostridias

A

Low G+C Gram+ WITH walls

Anaerobic
Clostridium
Produce endospores

34
Q

Name variants of clostridium

A

Botulism
Tetanus
Gas gangrene
Diarrhea and colitis

35
Q

Bacilli (class of G+)

A

Low C+G

Aerobic
HAVE cell wall
Produce endospores

36
Q

Ex of bacilli G+

A

Staphylococus: S. Aureus (Food poisoning)

37
Q

Lactobacilli

A

Type of G+ Low G+C bacteria WITH a cell wall
DO NOT produce endospores

38
Q

Ex of lactobacillie

A

Lactobacillus (Normal flora of V)
Listeria (Food poisioning)
Streptococcus (strep throat, impetigo…)
Enterococcus (UTIs, Endocarditis)

39
Q

Ex of High G+C Gram+

A

Include
Actinomycetes
Mycobacteria
Propionibacterium
Gardenerella vaginalis

40
Q

Methanogens are a type of

A

Archaea

41
Q

what one key feature of salmonella as seen on the dichotomous keys

A

Would produce black precipitate (hydrogen sulfide)

42
Q

Members of the order Enterobacteriales are

A

Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods

43
Q

major point of distinction amongst members of the order Enterobacteriales

A

Some members ferment lactose, others are non-lactose fermenters.

44
Q

most likely mode of transmission for healthcare-associated Serratia infections?

A

Direct contact with the contaminated hands of healthcare personnel

45
Q

Do algae cause infection?

A

Although algae don’t cause infections directly, some species can produce toxins that cause disease in shellfish, fish, marine mammals, and occasionally in humans who have consumed the shellfish or fish

46
Q

Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria?

A

Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape.

47
Q

What is the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria

A

Biochemical tests

48
Q

What test result indicates that the unknown can utilize citrate as its sole carbon source?

A

The medium turns blue.

49
Q

How is fermentation of lactose detected?

A

The drop in pH turns the indicator dye yellow an gas may or may not be produced

50
Q

Prokaryotic cells, ester linkages in phospholipids

A
51
Q

Which is the best differentiators bw the three-domain system?

A

There are significant differences in nucleotide sequences in ribosomal RNA between all three domains.

52
Q

The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on ________.

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences

53
Q

What is the distinct characteristic of the members of the Kingdom Fungi?

A

They absorb dissolved organic matter.

54
Q

A genus can best be defined as

A

a taxon composed of one or more species and a classification level lying below family.

55
Q

Describe the order Enterobacteriales

A

Members of the order Enterobacteriales are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods.

56
Q

major point of distinction amongst members of the order Enterobacteriales?

A

Some members ferment lactose, others are non-lactose fermenters.

57
Q

most likely mode of transmission for healthcare-associated Serratia infections?

A

Direct contact with the contaminated hands of healthcare personnel

58
Q

Why are doxycycline and rifampin ideal agents for treating intracellular pathogens such as Brucella and Mycobacteria?

A

Both agents provide for good penetration of body tissues and reach therapeutic levels.

A key point in treatment for infections of intracellular pathogens is penetration of the antibiotic into host cells and tissues where the organism resides.

59
Q

describe the bacterial group found primarily in the intestines of humans?

A

Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods

60
Q

70S ribosomes

A

are contained within both Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organims

61
Q

Do E and Ps both contain RNA? DNA?

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain both RNA and DNA

62
Q

Are eukaryotes always multicellular?

A

Can be unicellular or multi

63
Q

If two bacteria are gram positive, but one is low G+C and the other is high G+C, what can be concluded?

A

The organisms are unrelated

64
Q

best reason to classify streptococcus in the lactobaciallaes

A

rRNA sequences

65
Q
A

BIO233 (18 decks)

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