Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO233 > Body Systems Approach > Flashcards

Body Systems Approach Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical defenses of the skin

A

Salt inhibits microbes
Lysozyme hydrolyzes peptidoglycan
Fatty acids inhibit some pathogens
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal microbiota of the skin

A

Gram-positive, salt-tolerant bacteria, group into small clumps
Micrococci
Staphylococci
- S. epidermidis
- S. aureus
Diphtheroids (pleomorphic rods)

Some are opportunistic pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two major genra of bacteria causing skin infections

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Staphyloccocal skin infections include

A

S. epidermidis
- 90% of people have it
- Opportunistic infection (broken skin or catheter)
- Produce biofilm
S. aureus

Most pathogenic of staphylococci
Problem in hospitals (MRSA)
Produce leukocidin - an exfoliative toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S. epidermidis infection

A

Staphylococcal Skin infection

Very common on skin (90%)
Opportunistic infection (broken skin or catheter)
Produce biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S. aurerus skin infection

A

Most pathogenic of staphylococci
Problem in hospitals (MRSA)
Produce leukocidin - an exfoliative toxin
Kill phagocytes, Resistant to opsonization,
Produces superantigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Folliculitis

A

Infections of the hair follicles (often called pimples

stys
furunlce
Carbuncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sty

A

Folliculitis of eyelash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Furuncle

A

(boil)- localized hair infection
A type of abscess (pus surrounded by inflamed tissue).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Carbuncle

A

more extensive damage by folliculitis
Inflammation of tissue under the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Impetigo

A

Infectious skin lesions with crusted centers
Mostly affects children (2 to 5 yrs)
Highly contagious
May involve both S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SSSS

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
In babies (problem in nurseries)
Due to exfoliative toxin

Type of S. aureus infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

Often life threatening
Toxin (superantigen) enter the bloodstream
Characterized by high fever, low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, can progress to coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug is often the last line of antimicrobial defense

A

Vancomyosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of skin infection produces hemolysins

A

Streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S. pyogenes infection is what genra

A

Streptococcal Skin Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Erysipelas

A

Reddish patches with raised margins (more superficial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment for streptococcal infections

A

(b-lactam-type antibiotics, e.g. cephalosporin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

flesh eating disease

Produces an extra toxin
Exotoxin A that can act as a superantigen (immune system to contribute to the damage)

20
Q

Most common skin disease in humans

A

acne

21
Q

3 levels of acne

A

Comedonal acne- mild
Inflammatory acne- moderate
Nodular cystic acne- severe

22
Q

How should mild acne be treated

A

Topical applications

23
Q

Main cause of acne

A

: Propionibacterium acnes
Aerotolerant anaerobe

24
Q

How do microbes enter the NS

A

CSF normally sterile

Skull or backbone fractures
During medical procedures
Via peripheral nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels

25
Q

Treatment of meningitis

A

Cephalosporins; begins even before positive identification of microbes.

26
Q

Most common infectious diseases occur in what body system

A

Respiratory

27
Q

Two divisions of resiratory tract

A

Upper Respiratory tract:
Nose, pharynx (throat) & middle ear and auditory tubes
Lower respiratory tract:
Larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs (alveoli)

28
Q

Include common cold, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis occur in which division of resp system

A

URTI

29
Q

What causes URTI

A

Viruses: ~ 40-70% of URTIs
Bacteria: ~15% of URTIs

30
Q

Strep thoat caused vy

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

31
Q

Treatment for strep throat

A

Penicillins and erythromycin (some resistance to has appeared)

32
Q

TB, Bronchitis, and pneumonia affect which part of resp syst

A

LRSI

33
Q

Diff bw streptococcus pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Difference bw streptococcus pneumoniae (treated by peniclilum type antibiotics that target the cell wall), mycoplasma pneumonieae (atypical pneumonia therefore will not repsonsd to normal antiboiotics_

34
Q

How much of fecal matter is microbial cell material

A

40%

35
Q

Fecal oral cycel

A

Pathogens eneter food and water supply

Fecal oral cycle can be broke via proper seage disposal, disinfection of drinking water, proper food prep/storage, rapid and reliable diagnosis, effective vaccines

36
Q

What parts of urinary system are sterile

A

Bladder and upper tract

37
Q

Is urethra sterile?

A

Usually in males,

females: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and some Streptococcus

38
Q

How does estrogen promote growth of lactobacili

A

By enhanceing production of glycogen

39
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

Usually caused by coliforms

E. coli (~85%), And others Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas species

40
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of urethra

41
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of kidneys

42
Q

Types of Bacterial vaginosis (BV

A

Changing in vagina such as rise in pH
Symptoms: light discharge (fishy smell)
Responsible bacteria: Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus sp, Peptostreptococcus sp, and Mycoplasma hominis

43
Q

example of Vaginitis

A

Candida albicans

44
Q

Most common STI

A

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan)

45
Q

Common viral STDs

A

Genital warts (HPV), Hepatitis, HIV-AIDS

46
Q

Pubic lice and scabies are examples of

A

Athropod STDs

47
Q
A

BIO233 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions