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Bacteria Monera Flashcards

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1
Q

What kingdom does bacteria belong too?

A

Monera

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2
Q

What are main features of members of kingdom monera?

A

1)Prokaryotic
2)unicellular
3Reproduction is asexual

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3
Q

What features do all bacteria have?

A

1)DNA
2)Cell membrane
3)Cell wall
4)Cytoplasm
5)Ribosome

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4
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Code for protein

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5
Q

What does a cell membrane do?

A

1)Semipermeable to allow diffusion and osmosis
2)provide structure and support

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6
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

Keeps cell turgid to prevent bursting

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7
Q

What does cytoplasm do?

A

Suspend cell parts

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8
Q

What does the ribosome do?

A

Make protein

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9
Q

What features do some bacteria have?

A

1)capsule
2)plasmid loop
3)flagellum

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10
Q

What does the capsule in bacteria do?

A

Slime layer for protection

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11
Q

What does a plasmid loop do in bacteria?

A

Role in antibiotic resistance

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12
Q

What does flagellum do?

A

Help bacteria swim

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13
Q

Name one way to classify bacteria

A

Bacteria is classified on their shape

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14
Q

Name 3 bacteria shapes

A

1)spherical
2)rods
3)spiral

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15
Q

Give an example of spherical bacteria

A

Stroptococcus (sore throat)

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16
Q

Give an example of rods bacteria

A

Tetanus (dog bites)

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17
Q

Give an example of spiral bacteria

A

Syphilis

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18
Q

What name is given to the way which bacteria produces?

A

Binary fission

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19
Q

How does binary fission occurs

A

1)DNA replication occurrs in parent cell
2)Cell elongates and each chromosome moves to each end of cell
3)Cell splits and forms two identical daughter cells

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20
Q

What are endospores?

A

Dormant tough walled structure that forms in adverse conditions to survive

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21
Q

What will happen to endospores in harsh conditions?

A

Bacteria will die in

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22
Q

Examples of harsh/adverse conditions?

A

Extreme temperature and extreme ph

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23
Q

Describe how endospores forms in bacteria?

A

1)DNA replication occurs

2)In adverse conditions endospores forms the rest of the bacteria died

3)Endospores remains dormant

4)Conditions become suitable new cell forms

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24
Q

What are the two nutritions in bacteria?

A

Heterotrophic and Autotrophic

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25
How does heterotrophic get nutrition (food)
Takes food from other organisms Does not make its own food
26
How does autotrophic get nutrition (food)
Make its own food using source of energy
27
Examples of heterotrophic bacteria
1)Saprophytes 2)parasites
28
How do saprophytes get nutrition (food)
Feed on dead orgnaic matter
29
Examples of autotrophic bacteria
1)Photosynthesis 2)Chemosynthetic
30
How does photosynthesis get nutrition (food)
Use light to make food
31
How does chemosynthesis get nutrition (food)
Use chemical reactions to make its own food
32
Give example of saphrophytes bacteria
Bacteria of decay
33
Give an example of parasite bacteria
Streptococcus (sore throat)
34
Give an example of photosynthesis bacteria
Purple sulfur bacteria
35
Give an example of chemosynthetic bacteria
Nitrifying bacteria
36
What are some factors that affect bacteria growth
1)temperature 2)pH 3)oxygen concentration 4)concentration of growing meduim 5)pressure
37
How does temperature affect bacteria growth?
Enzyme action is low and growth is slow Enzyme become denatured the bacteria then dies
38
How does pH affect bacteria growth
Unsuitable pH the enzymes become denatured then
39
What is optimum pH?
7
40
How does oxygen concentration affect bacteria growth
Aerobic bacteria requires oxygen Anaerobic bacteria does not require oxygen
41
What are the two anaerobic bacteria’s?
1) Obligate anaerobes 2) Facultative anaerobes
42
Can obligate anaerobes survive in oxygen?
Cannot survive in oxygen
43
Give an example of obligate anaerobes
Tetanus
44
Can facultative anaerobes survive in oxygen
Can survive with or without oxygen
45
Give an example of facultative anaerobes
E. Coli
46
How does concentration of growing medium affect bacteria growth ?
Salty/sugary solution Fresh water solution (Osmosis)
47
Name the phases that occur in the growth curve of bacteria
1)Lag phase 2)Log phase 3)Stationary Phase 4)Decline/Death phase 5) Death or survival phase
48
How does pressure affect bacteria growth?
High pressure can destroy cell walls
49
Give an example of a machine with high pressure which can affect bacteria growth
Autoclave kills bacteria due to the pressure
50
What is the lag phase?
Little increase in numbers Bacteria is adapting to its environment
51
What is the log phase?
Rapid increase in numbers
52
Why do numbers increase in the log phase?
Plenty of food, water, space and oxygen Not much waste or competition
53
What is the stationary phase?
No increase or decrease in numbers Death rate = reproductive rate
54
What is the decline/death phase?
Numbers decrease the death rate becomes greater then reproductive rate
55
What is the death or survival phase?
Most bacteria die some survive as endospores
56
Why do numbers decrease in stationary and decline/death stage?
Lack of food, water, space and oxygen Build up of waste and competition
57
What are antibiotics?
Substance produced by micro organisms that kill other micro organisms
58
Example of anti bioticsc
Penicillin
59
Why will antibiotics not be prescribed to a person suffering from cold or flu like symptoms?
Caused by viruses antibiotics have no effect on viruses
60
What are anti biotic resistant bacteria?
Bacteria not effected by antibiotics
61
What feature is present in a bacteria cell plays a role in antibiotic resistance
Plasmids
62
Overuse of antibiotics result in an increase growth of antibiotic resistance bacteria why?
Mutations to antibiotic resistance bacteria have developed Antibiotic resistance bacteria have no competition reproduce rapidly
63
How is a person more likely to pick up an infection in hospital?
Where many antibiotic are being used only bacteria strains that can survive
64
What is bio processing
Bio processing is the use of bacterial enzymes to produce foods
65
What are the two bio processing methods
1)Batch culture 2)Continuous flow
66
What is batch culture?
Fixed amount of nutrient and bacteria added left for a period of time before product is removed
67
What is continuous flow?
New nutrient is constantly added product is constantly removed
68
What phase is the bacteria kept in during batch culture?
Lag, log stationary and decline phase
69
What phase is bacteria kept in continuous flow?
Log phase
70
What is the advantage of batch culture bio processing?
Easy to maintain
71
What is the disadvantage of batch culture bio processing?
Needs to be purified
72
What is the advantage of continuous flow bio processing?
Purity is higher
73
What is the disadvantage of continuous flow bio processing?
Difficult to maintain
74
What are the benefits of economic importance of bacteria?
1)Bio processing (antibiotic and dairy foods) 2)genetic engineering (insulin for diabetes)
75
What are the disadvantages of economic importance of bacteria?
1)Can cause disease(tetanus and syphilis) 2)food decay
76
What concentration of growing medium do most bacteria live in?
Lower concentrations solutions.
77

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