Blood

Question 1

What is the appearance of plasma?

Answer 1

1)Liquid part of blood
2)Pale yellow colour

Question 2

What is the structure of plasma?

Answer 2

1)90% water
2)Proteins
3)Dissolved materials

Question 3

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 3

Transports displaced materials such as
1)food
2)carbon dioxide
3)urea
4)hormones
5)enzymes
6)antibodies

Question 4

What does plasma not transport?

Answer 4

Oxygen

Question 5

What is the appearance of red blood cells?

Answer 5

1)Small biconcave discs
2)No nucleus and no mitochondria

Question 6

What is the structure of red blood cells?

Answer 6

Contain haemoglobin (iron)

Question 7

What type of protein is haemoglobin?

Answer 7

Metalloprotein as it constrains iron (Fe)

Question 8

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 8

Attached to oxygen in then lungs and release often at the body cells

Question 9

Where are red blood cells produced and matured?

Answer 9

Bone marrow

Question 10

Comment on the shape of red blood cells?

Answer 10

1)Biconcave disc shape
2)larger surface area therefore more oxygen can be attached

Question 11

What features of red blood cells allowed to pass through narrow capillaries?

Answer 11

Flexible can change their shape

Question 12

Comment in the lifespan of a red blood cell?s?

Answer 12

Short lifespan -120 days

Question 13

Give a reason for red blood cells for having such a short lifespan?

Answer 13

Do not have a nucleus so cannot do mitosis

Question 14

Where are dead red blood cells broken down?

Answer 14

Liver and spleen

Question 15

What are the types of blood groups?

Answer 15

1)A
2)B
3)AB
4)O

Question 16

What is the rhesus factor?

Answer 16

Another chemical/protein present on some red blood cells

Question 17

Give two reasons why knowledge of blood groups is important

Answer 17

1) blood transfusions
Recipient must not be given a factor they do not already have
Immune system will treat it as an antigen causing the blood to clump

2)Pregnant women
Rhesus negative mother must not be given medication if pregnant with a rhesus positive child

Question 18

Give two reasons why a person with blood group as negative cannot receive a blood transfusion from a donor with blood group B positive

Answer 18

1)B blood group as an antigen
2)Rhesus factor antigen

Question 19

Using your knowledge of blood groups to explain why a person with a blood group O negative can donate blood universally

Answer 19

Any person can recieve bloc from a O negative as no antigens are introduced to their body

Question 20

What is the appearance of white blood cells?

Answer 20

Large nucleus

Question 21

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 21

Fight infections

Question 22

What are the numbers between red blood cells and white blood cells

Answer 22

Less numerous then red blood cells (600:1)

Question 23

What are the types of white blood cells

Answer 23

1)monocytes
2)lymphocytes

Question 24

Where are both types of white blood cells produced?

Answer 24

Bone marrow

Question 25

Where are lymphocytes matured in?

Answer 25

Bone marrow and Thymus gland

Question 26

What is the function of monocytes?

Answer 26

Surround, engulf and digest pathogens

Question 27

What is the function called for monocytes?

Answer 27

Phagocytosis

Question 28

Where are lymphocytes stored?

Answer 28

Lymphatic system

Question 29

What is the function of lymphocytes

Answer 29

Recognise antigens and release antibodies to dispose of pathogens

Question 30

What is leukaemia?

Answer 30

1)A form of cancer 2)White blood cells are produced to rapidly

Question 31

Symptoms of leukaemia

Answer 31

Anaemia, infection and reduced ability for blood to clot

Question 32

What is treatment for leukaemia?

Answer 32

Radiation and cancer drugs (chemotherapy)

Question 33

What is the appearance of platelets?

Answer 33

Fragments of cells

Question 34

Where are platelets produced and matured?

Answer 34

Bone marrow

Question 35

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 35

Clot the blood when skin is cut preventing 1)blood loss 2)entry of pathogens

Question 36

White a not on haemophilia?

Answer 36

1)Sex linked condition 2)Cannot produce required blood clotting factors 3)Can cause excessive bleeding when cut 4)Injection of clotting factors

Question 38

Name seven substances other then water transported in blood

Answer 38

1)food 2)oxygen 3)carbon dioxide 4)hormones 5)enzymes 6)urea 7)antibodies

Question 39

Where does food enter the blood

Answer 39

Ileum of the small intestine

Question 40

Where does oxygen enter the blood

Answer 40

Alveoli of the lungs

Question 41

Where does carbon dioxide enter the blood

Answer 41

From cells after respiration

Question 42

Where do hormones enter the blood

Answer 42

Endocrine glands

Question 43

Where do enzymes enter the blood

Answer 43

Liver

Question 44

Where do antibodies enter blood

Answer 44

Lymphocytes

Question 45

Where are b-lymphocytes matured?

Answer 45

Bone marrow

Question 46

Where are t-lymphocytes produced?

Answer 46

Thymus gland