bacterial genetics

Question 1

bacteria multiply by

Answer 1

binary fission

Question 2

what are the three mechanisms bacteria acquire new DNA

Answer 2

transformation, transduction, and conjugation

Question 3

____________is when DNA acquired from environment

Answer 3

transformation

Question 4

____________is when DNA is acquired from bacteriphage (virus)

Answer 4

transduction

Question 5

___________-is when DNA acquired from bacterial sex

Answer 5

conjugation

Question 6

how many chromosomes are in the bacterial genome

Answer 6

1 chromosome

Question 7

________are small DNA ciircles that replicate independently of the chromosome that have 1 copy or many copies per cell

Answer 7

plasmid

Question 8

___________is the uptake of naked DNA from environment by competent cells

Answer 8

transformation

Question 9

________-is a minor form of recombination in nature but a major form in biotechnology

Answer 9

transformation

Question 10

in ____________usually linear DNA is released from dying cells

Answer 10

transformation

Question 11

HR requires

Answer 11

several genes worth of homology or near homoloygy and recombination enzymes/factors coded by recA, B,C, D (A is absolute requirement)

Question 12

______is the transfer of bacterial DNA by a bacteriophage

Answer 12

transduction

Question 13

________is a virus that attacks bacterial cells

Answer 13

bacteriophage

Question 14

two types of transduction

Answer 14

generalized and specialized

Question 15

generalized transduction

Answer 15

phage picks up a piece of bacterial DNA-all genes have equal change of being transduced

Question 16

specialized transdunction

Answer 16

dependent on integration of phage DNA into a bacterial chromosome at specific site, and an excision error allows bacterial DNA to be excised and packaged with phage DNA

Question 17

the lytic cycle…

Answer 17

LYSES bacteria

Question 18

the lysogenic cycle….

Answer 18

integrates into the bacterial genome

Question 19

____________type of phage causes death of bacterial cell by lysis (lytic)

Answer 19

virulent

Question 20

_______type of phage causes death of bacteiral cell by lysis or integration into host chromosome forming a pro-phage (lysosogeny)

Answer 20

temperate

Question 21

lysogeny

Answer 21

expression of phage genes is repressed, no new phage are made, host cell survives, and phage DNA replicates as part of the host

Question 22

_________leads to the production of viruses and their release upon cell lysis

Answer 22

lytic infection

Question 23

________-type of viruses can only go into lytic cycle and can only carry out generalized transduction

Answer 23

virulent viruses

Question 24

_____type of bacteria are those with a prophage

Answer 24

lysogenic

Question 25

integration of the prophage is _________but can be ____________- by UV light and chemicals

Answer 25

stable, destablized

Question 26

acquisition of bacterial properties due to prophage is called

Answer 26

lysogenic conversion

Question 27

what types of bacteria are capable of lysogenic conversion

Answer 27

diptheria,, s pyogenes, and C botulinum

Question 28

bacterial genes picked up as error in excision are transferred to homologous gene in another bacteria

Answer 28

specialized transduction

Question 29

what type of genes may be transferred in generalized trandcution

Answer 29

any

Question 30

what type of genes can be transferred in specialized transduction

Answer 30

only genes next to insertional site

Question 31

what is the mechanisms for generalized transduction

Answer 31

error in assembly

Question 32

what is the mechanism for specialized transduction

Answer 32

error of excision, requires stable insertion of the prophage

Question 33

______is the transfer of genes from 1 cell to another cell by cell contact

Answer 33

conjugation (requires male and female bacterial cells (sex pilus)

Question 34

______________are genes that promote their own transfer

Answer 34

conjugative plasmids

Question 35

fertility plasmids contain

Answer 35

``` sex pill genes that stabilize mating bacteria genes which direct conjugal DNA transfer and other genes oriT insertion sequences ```

Question 36

chromosomal mobilization

Answer 36

strains of bacteira with F plasmid integrated are Hfr (high frequency of recombination)

Question 37

is cell to cell contact a requirement for transformation

Answer 37

no

Question 38

is cell to cell contact a requirement for conjugation

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

is cell to cell contact a requirement for tranduction

Answer 39

no

Question 40

phage infection is involved in

Answer 40

transduction

Question 41

competency is required for

Answer 41

transformation

Question 42

naked DNA involved

Answer 42

transformation

Question 43

is HR required

Answer 43

transformation, transduction and not for F+/F- or yes for Hfr and F-

Question 44

mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Answer 44

intrisnic, chromosomal mediated, and plasmid

Question 45

____________cell lacking cell wall resistant to penicillin

Answer 45

intrisnic antiobiotic resistance

Question 46

_________usually via modification of receptor for drug

Answer 46

chromsomal mechamsism of antibiotic resistance