Microbiology Final Exam Flashcards
(370 cards)
1
Q
anaerobic gram positive cocci
A
peptostreptococci
2
Q
anaerobic gram positive rods
A
propionibacterium
3
Q
what are the three major organisms of anaeroboes
A
actinomyces
bacteroides
clostridia
4
Q
two bugs that cause constipation
A
typhoid
bostulism
5
Q
what are the three mechanisms of anaerobe culture
A
gas pack
oxyplates
glove box
6
Q
how do anaerobes generate energy
A
by only fermentation
7
Q
if the statement says the anaerobe cannot grow in the intestine and only is in the skin
A
propionibacterium
8
Q
where does clostridia grow
A
intestine
9
Q
bacteroides fragillis is found
A
intestine
10
Q
fusobacterium is found
A
mouth and intestine
11
Q
peptostreptococci is found
A
mouth, intestine, urogenital
12
Q
what type of infections do anaerobes usually occur
A
endogenous infections
13
Q
polymicrobial infections
A
anaerobes
14
Q
gram stain and shape of actinomyces
A
gram positive rod
15
Q
acid fast
A
nocardia and TB
16
Q
filamentous forms hypahe
A
actinomyces
17
Q
chronic granulmatous lesions
A
actinomyces
18
Q
grains of sand
A
actinomyces
19
Q
forms abcesses connected to sinus tract
A
actinomyces israelli
20
Q
invasive dental work, lumpy jaw
A
actinomyces
21
Q
branching filamentous gram positive rod
A
nocardia, tuberculosis
22
Q
most common actinomyces infection
A
cevicofacial
23
Q
women with IUD
A
pelvic infection with actinomyces
24
Q
common manifestation of brain abscesses
A
actinomyces
25
sulfur granules
actinomyces
26
white colonies with domed surface
actinomyces
27
gram negative pleomorphic rod
bacteroides fragilis
28
has LPS but is not toxic
bacteroides fragilis
29
intraabdominal infections usally from trauma or abdominal surgery
b fragilis
30
abcess formation in female genital tract
b fragillis
31
how does gastroenteritis caused by B fragilis
self limited watery diarrhea, enterotoxin caused by changes of GI epithelium via F actin rearrangement- chloride scretion and fluid loss
32
gas in specimen
b fragilis
33
infect adjacent to mucosal membrane
b fragillis
34
bile esculin agar
b fragillis
35
gram positive spore forming rod
clostridia
36
can survive years in soil
clostridia
37
highly resistant to physical and chemical agents
clostrida
38
ubiquitous in soil, water, and sewage part of normal GI normal flora
clostridia
39
what are the clostriudm species
perfringes, tetani, botulinum, difficile
40
what causes psuedomembranous colitis
c difficile
41
what is responsible for gas gangrene, food poisoning and necrotizing enteritis
clostridium perfringens
42
nonmotile but spreads on the media
c perfringes
43
flat spreading colonies
perfringes
44
double zone of hemolysis
c perfringens
45
complete hemolysiis cuased by
omega toxin
46
wider zone of partial hemolysis caused by
alpha toxin
47
very rapid generation time
C perfringes
48
gas gangrene
c perfringes
49
alpha toxin of c perfringes
mediates gangrene
50
type C perfringes causes
enteritis necroticans
51
cellulitis with gas formation
c perfringes
52
suppurative myositis
accumulation of pus in muscle planes, result of c perfringes
53
toxic delirium
c perfringes
54
hypovolemia of c perfringes is caused by
circulating toxin
55
shiny bronz color wound
gas gangrene
56
what toxin of C perfringes causes capillary damage, and thrombocytopenia
alpha toxin
57
antibiotic associated dirrhea in nursing home residents
c perfringes
58
papua new guinea, undercooked contaminaed pork with sweet potatoes
c perfringes
59
necrotizing enteriitis is caused by what toxin
beta toxin
60
nagler reaction on egg yolk agar
C perfringes
61
stormy fermentation: coagulation of moil
C perfringes
62
round terminal spores
C tetani
63
pig bel
c perfringes
64
looks like a drumstick
C tetani
65
hoarse manure
C tetani
66
what are the two toxins associated with C tetani
oxygen labile hemolysin, heat labile neuroxin
67
oxygen labile hemolysin
tetanolysin
68
heat labile neurotoxin
tetanospasmim
69
what toxin associated with tetanus
tetanospasm, heat labile neurotoxin
70
heat labile neurotoxin is what type of toxin
AB type toxin, b Binds gangliosides on neurons and A enters cytoplasm
71
tetanus toxin casues two CNS problems
prevents release of inhibitory transmitters (GABA and glycine)
promotes muscle over activity (spastic paralysis)
72
what are the four manifestations of C tetani
generalized tetanus
localized tetanus
cephalic tetanus
tetanus neonatorum
73
lock jaw
lock jaw
74
hydrophobia
c tetani and rabies
75
what are the 3 treatment goals for C tetani
remove the toxin
remove source of infection
supportive care + antibiotics
76
gram positive rod
C botulinum
77
botulism toxin
heat labile toxin, inhibits the release of acetylcholine, 7 toxins town, casues flaccid paralysis
78
which infection causes spastic paralysis
c tetani
79
what infection causes flaccid parlysis
C botulinum
80
honey with infants
C botulinum
81
what are the to clostriudm species with AB bacterial toxin
C botulinum and C tetani
82
floppy baby syndrome
infant botulinum
83
intoxification in kids and infection in adults
C botulinum
84
produces lipase , digest milk proteins, ferments glucose
C botulinum
85
constipation
c botulinum
86
why can't you treat infant bostulism wit antibiotics
it is a performed toxin
87
slender gram positive sporulating anaerobe
C difficile
88
toxins produced by C difficile
enterotoxin (toxin A)
89
mucoid green diarrhea
C diff
90
pseudomembranous colitis
C diff
91
mucosa covered with white, gray or yellow patches , contains fibrin, mucus and WBC's
pseudomembranous colitis, C dif
92
peptostreptococcu is
anaerobic gram positive cocci
93
cause bacterial vaginosis
mobiluncus
94
normal flora of vaginal tract
lactobacillus
95
causes acne
propionibacterium acnes
96
anaerobic gram negative bacteria cause
50% of chronic sinusitis and ear infections and almost all peridontal infections
97
gram positive cocci anaerobie
peptostreptococci
98
gram negative cocci
veilonella
99
gram positive rods anaerobic
actinomyces, clostridia
100
gram negative rods anaerobic
bacteroides
101
treponemes causes
symphilis
102
borrelia causes
lyme disease
103
spiral shaped, do NOT have LPS, gram neg
spirochetes
104
what technique is used to see spirochetes
dark field microscopy
105
what are the two major pathogenic species of treponemes
treponema pallidum, treponema carateum
106
treponema carateum causes
pinta
107
___________causes acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
T vincentii
108
T pectinovorum causes
peridontal disease
109
T pallidum pertenue causes
yaws
110
T pallidum endemicum causes
endemic syphillis
111
extremely slender spiral organism
trepnonema pallidum
112
tissue destruction and lesions of syphilis due to what
host immune response
113
primary phase of syphillis is associated with
painless chancre
114
who's at risk for zoonoses
occupational hazard, farmers, vets, outdoor expsoure
115
gram stain of pasteurella multocida
gram negative coccobacillus
116
is pasteurella multicida oxidase positive or negative
oxidase positive
117
where is pasteurella multocida found
comensall in URT of livestock, poultry, domestic cats/dogs
118
how do you get pasteurella multocida
infection from animal bite or strath (most of the time cats)
119
symptoms of pasteruella multocida
usually follows animal bite, rapidly progressive cellulitis, , lymphadenitis, can progress to abscesses, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis
120
bipolar staining, growth of blood and chocolate agar
P multocida
121
cause of cat scratch disease
bartonella henselae
122
get after a cat scratch
bartonella henselae
123
safety pin staining
pasteurella multocida
124
warthin starry silver stain
bartonella henselae
125
bacillary angiomatosis
resemvles kaposi sarcoma (AIDS defining illness)
126
you can get this from B henselae
bacillary angiomatosis
127
lichenoid violaceous plaque
b henselae
128
splenoectomized, alcohols and IC are at risk for this fastidious gram negative rod
capnocytophaga canimorsus
129
diagnosis of capnocytophago canimorsus
hisotyr of dog bite
130
what zoonoses can cause gangrene
capnocytophaga canimorsus
131
causes rat bite fever
streptobacillus moniliformis
132
long thin gram negative rod
streptobacillus moniliformis
133
can cause haverhill fever
s moniliformis
134
gram positive microaerophilic aerophilic rods or filaments
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
135
easily decolorized on gram strain
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
136
associated with Pigs
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
137
erysipeloid
E rhusiopathiae
138
erysipeloid is what
inflammatory skin lesion, lesion is painful and pruriti, burning, throbbing, appears violaceous with raised rash. appears PURPLE!
139
what zoonoses associated with producing hydrogen sulfide
E rhusiopathiae
140
two that are alpha hemolytic
E rhusiopathiae and Strep pneumoniae
141
triple sugar iron agar
E rhusiopathiae
142
brucella species are what gram stan
aerobic gram negative coccobaciili
143
B canis is from
brucella species
144
B suis
from pigs
145
B meletensis
most pathogenic and is from goats and sheep
146
B abortus
cows
147
enzymes produced by brucella
catalase, oxidase, urease
148
patient presents with profuse sweating
brucella
149
francisella tularensis causes
rabbit fever
150
gram stain of F tularensis
aerobic gram negative rod, facultative intracellular
151
ulcerograndular tularemia
entry to skin
152
pulmonic tularemia
inhalation
| (10-50 bacilli)
153
oropharyngeal tularemia
ingestion 100 million required
154
causes atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma, legionella, francisella tularensis
155
grows on buffered charcoal yeast agar
francisella and legionella
156
francisella tularemia abs cross react with
salmonella
brucella
yersinia
legionella
157
causes plaque
yersinia pestis
158
sylvatic plaque
yersinia pestis
159
urban plaque
yersinia pestis
160
endemic to south wast
yersinia pestis
161
fraction F gene
antiphagocytic protein capsule of yersinia pestis
162
plasminogen activator protease gene
yersinia pestis
163
prarie dogs
yersinia pestis
164
function of YopJ and P
initiates apoptosis in macrophages and supresses cytokine production
165
bubonic plaque transmitted by
fleas
166
Yog genes type of virulence factor
type III secretion system
167
virulence factors associated with Y pestis
fraction F1 gene
plasminogen activator protease gene
YOP genes: type III secretion
168
buboes form
Y pestis
169
symptoms of bubonic plaque
bacteria multiply in LN buboes formed
170
septicemic plaque (black death)
subcutaneous hemorrhages, DIC, vascular collapse
171
Pneumonic plaque
hemorrhagic pneumonia, easily transmitted between people, >90% mortality
172
fleas
bubonic plaque
173
bipolar staining
yersinia pestis
174
causes spongiform encephalopathies
unconventional slow viruses
175
why are the prions do not conform to definition of a virus
have no virion structure or genome
do NOT elicit immune response
extremely resistant to inactivation
176
what is more stable alpha helix or beta spleated sheat ?
beta pleated sheat
177
what are the four prion diseases
kuru
creatuzfeldt jakob disease
gerstmann-straussler scheinker syndrome
fatal familial insomia
178
mechanism of kuru
cannibalism
179
sproadic CJD
spontaneous PrPC to PrP sc conversion or somatic mutation
180
iatrogenic CJD
infection from prion containing material
181
familila CJD
mutations in the PrP gene
182
VCJD
infection from BSE
183
what are the four convensional slow viral diseases
measles, papvavirus, rubella, and AIDS (cause encephalitis but are not prions)
184
resistant to proteases
prions
185
prion protein is called
scrapie like prion protein
186
what is the difference between PrPSc and PrPC
differs in tertiary structure due to folding
187
what causes the spongiform apperance in prion disease
accumulation of PrPsc
188
amyyloid plaques
prion disease
189
human growth hormone, dura mater graft
creutzfeldt jakob disease
190
rare subset of inhered form of CJD and has an earlier onsept similar to CJD
gerstmann straussler scheinker syndrome
191
results from genetic mutation, different symptoms than CJD resulitng from 2 mutations
fetal familial insomnia
192
2 hit hypothesis of CJD and FFI
must have a aspartic acid to asparagine at 1788 and then a second mutation at 129 (valine then familial and methionine then FFI
193
difference between CJD and vCJD
earlyer age of onset
time between disease and death is 6-24 motns (longer)
extenstive plaque formation that contain high concentrations of PrPsc
194
3 phases of T pallidum
primar phase- painless chancre at site of infection
secondary phase- disseminated disease
late tertiary phase- destruction of specific tissue
195
copper colored rash ALL over the body
secondary T pallidum
196
patchy alopecia
secondary syphillis
197
condylmoata lata
associated with ayphilis, soft fleshy papules
198
condylomata acuminata
HPV
199
nickel and dime rash on palms
seocndary T pallidum
200
flat shiny areas on tongue
secondary T pallidum
201
tabes dorsalis demylination
neurosyphillis
202
gummas
destructive granulamtous lesion tertiary syphillis
203
mucopurulent rhinitis
T palidum (congenital syphillis)
204
hutchinson teeth
congenital syphillis
205
rasberry molears
congenital syphillis
206
saber shins
congenital syphillis
207
saddle nose
congenital syphillis
208
VDRL
venereal disease research laboratory
209
what are nontreponemal tests
measure IgG and IgM, not specific, Ag test is cardiolipid from beef heart
210
found in africa, asia, and australia and causes oral lesions followed by gummas ; contaminated utensils
bejel
211
present in S america, africa, and asia and causes granulmatous disease
Yaws (trep pertenue
212
Pinta is caused by
T carateum
213
where is T carateum found
present in central and south america
214
hypopigmented lesions that results in scarring and disfigurement, found in central and south america
pinta T carateum
215
what is the causative agent of lyme disease
borrelia burgdorferi
216
what does borrelia recurrentis cause
relapsing fever
217
significant of borrelila molecular structure
outer envelope surrounding periplasmic flagella
218
how is lyme disease transmitted
black legged tick
219
what are the reservoirs of lyme disease
rodents and deers
220
most common vector borne disease in the united states
lyme disease
221
bull eyes rash
lyme diseasee
222
generally what are the three stages lf lyme disease
localized, disseminated and persistent
223
stage 1 of limes
bulls eye rash
224
stage 2 of lymes
intermittent arthirits, severe malise, and fatigue
225
stage 3 of lymes
prolonged arthritis, chronic encephalitis, myelitis,
226
to be clinically diagnosed with lyme
erythema migrams or at least 1 late manifestation and positive isolation, diagnostic levels of IgM or IgG and a significant increase between acute and convalenscent Ab titers
227
what type of tick causes borrelia recurrentis
louse borne relapsing fever (pediculus humanus)
228
TBRF endemic to US most prevalently caused by
B hermsi
229
rustic cabins
B hermsi
230
for relapsing fever when are the spirochets isolateable
during the febrile period
231
leptospirosis
caused by leptospira interrogans
232
tightly coild body with hooked ends
leptospirosis
233
what is the reservoir host for leptospira interrogans
rodents
234
associated with weil disease
leptospirosis (renal failure hepatic symptoms with jaundice)
235
what family of bacteria does not contain Peptidoglycan
chlamydiciase
236
general characteristics of chlamydiciae
obligate intracellular parasite
no PPG
can't synthesize ATP or reoxidize reduced NADP
contain ribosomes and can synthesize proteins
237
elementary body
smal. hardy, and is the infectious form of the organisms of chalmydiciae
238
reticulate body
large, fragile and intracellular form of organism
239
which stage of life cycle does it chlamydiciae replicate
reticulate body
240
inclusion bodies
chlamydia
241
what causes parrot fever
chlaymydophila psittaci
242
what is the cause of walking pneumoniase
chlamydophila pneumoniae
243
parrots parakeets,
C. psittaci
244
characteritics of parrot fever
acute infection of the lower respiratory tract presenting with acute onset of fever, chills, headhace, bilaterla interstital pneumonia, enlarged spleen and liver
245
what age group is associated with walking pneumoniae
adults
246
what has been linked to atheroscloerosis
walking pneumonia
247
why does C pnuemoniae cause dry cough
damages the cillia
248
what is the major diagnostic test used for for C pneuoniae
microimmunoflourescne
249
what are the two biovars of C trachomatis
trachoma and LGV
250
inclusoin conjunctivitis and nongonnococcal urethritis
D-K
251
lymphogranuloma venerum
LGV
252
Trachoma
ABBaC
253
where does the LGV biovar replciate
in macrophages
254
clinical manifestions of C trachamatis results from
destruction of host cells and inflammatory response
255
trachoma causes
chronic keratoconjunctivitis
256
inclusion conjunctivitis
caused by serotypes D-kK,
257
what serotypes cause trachoma
A,B,Ba and C
258
most common STD in us
NGU
259
lymphogranuloma venereum casued by what serotypes
L1-3
260
how os LGV acquired
abrasions
261
what species lack a cell wall
mycoplasma and ureaplasma
262
how does M pneumoniae grow
strict aerobe
263
fried egg appearce
mycoplasma
264
mulberry appearance
M pneumoniae
265
what is the major virulence factor of M pneumoniae
P1 adhesion
266
function of P1 Adhesion
interacts to glycoprotein receptor at base of cilia, causes ciliostasis, loss of ciliated epitheila cells interferes with airway clearance
267
presence of nonpurulent otitis media and lower respiraotyr tract ilness in a teenageer should indicate infection by
M pneumoniae
268
presence of mononuclear cells
M pneumoniae
269
dry hacking cough fever and presnce of gold agglutinins
mycoplasma!
270
mycoplasma that are common inhibatants of genitourinary tract
M hominis
| M genitalium
271
what are the two causes of NGU
mycoplasma genitalium and chalymdia
272
associated with post abortal or pospartum fever
M hominis
273
asscoiated with PID
M hominis
274
metabolizes arginine
mycoplasma
275
small circular colonies that frow downward into agar
ureaplasma urealyticum
276
what are the bacteria in the rickettciase family
rickettsia, ehrlichia, anaplasma, and coxiella
277
gram stain of rickettciae
gram neg aerobic coccobacilli, obigate intracellular bacteria
278
rickettsiae are transmitted by
arthropod vectors excpt coxiella
279
what causes rocky mountain spotted fever
R rickettsii
280
what causes epidemic tyhpus
R prowazekii
281
what causes ehrlichiosos
E chaffeesis and E ewingi
282
what causes anaplasmosis
A phagocytophilum
283
function of phospholipase A in Rickettsia life cycle
degrades the phagosome
284
how is rock mountaed spotted fever tramsitted
rocky mountain wood tick or dog tick
285
what are the secondar reservoir to R rickettsii
willd rodents
286
rash that begins on hands and feet and spreads inward to trunk
rocky mountain spotted fever
287
early macular rash to late petechial rash
RMSF
288
severe complications of RMSF occur most frequently in infections
without rash
289
giemsa gimenez
RMSF
290
agglutination of pts serum with proteus vulgaris Ag
RMSF
291
IFA specific sensitivity
RMS
292
Weil Felix serology
RMSF R prozekki
293
rickettsialpox caused by
rickettsia akari
294
northeast US cities
rickettsia akari
295
ricketssia akari vector is
mouse mite
296
profuse sweating/ flu like illness photophobia, generalized papulovesicular rash
ricketsialpox
297
how is epidemic typhus transmitted
human body louse
298
reservoirs for Epidemic typhs
flying squirrels and their fleas
299
maculopapular rash on trunk and spreads to extremities
epidemic typhus
300
asscoiated with BrillZinsser disease
epidemic typhus
301
causes peidemic typhus
R prowazekki
302
endemic murine typhus caused by
r typhi
303
r typhi tramsitted by
rat flea
304
what causes scrub typhus
orientia tsutsugamushi
305
how is orienta tsugamushi tramsitted
chiggers (mite larvae)
306
_________is an obligate intracytoplasmic bacteria
ehrlichia species
307
ehrlichiosis infects
monocytes and granulocytes
308
human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by
E chaffeesis
309
human granulocytic ehrlichosis caused by
e ewinggi
310
human granulocytic anaplasmosos caused by
anaplasma phagocytophilm
311
what bacteira in the richestiaea family associated with lyme infection
anaplasma phagocytophilum
312
what is a morula
inclusion body contianing organisms
313
morula associated with
anaplasia erlychia
314
wright stained blood smears
ehrlichiosis
315
Q fever is caused by
coxiella burnetti
316
gram stain of coxiella burnetti
small gram neg
317
where does coxiella burnetti live
acidic lysosomes
318
acute Q fever
ab against phase II antigen only
319
chronic q fever
high ab titers against phase 1 and II antigens
320
subacute endocarditis with negative cultures
chronic Q fever
321
toxic metabolites of fungi cause
mycotoxicoses
322
fungal diseases are called
mycoses
323
how are fungal diseases classified
by site on body where they occur
324
live on dead or decaying matter
saprobes
325
mutual advantage with host
symbioints
326
fungi benefit host does not benefit but is not harmed
commensal
327
fungi benefit host is harmed
parasite
328
fungi are classified as
eukaryotes
329
the cell wall of fungi are composed of
chitin (polymer of NAG)
330
cell membrane of fungi contains
ergosterol
331
yeast are
unicellualr which reproduc by budding or fission
332
mold
multicellular filaments consist of hypahe
333
______is always a yeast
cryptococcus neoformans
334
_______is always a mold
aspergillus species
335
type of colonies on agar for yeast
round mucoid colonies
336
2 shape characterisitss of yeast
pseudo hypae
| round mcoid colonies
337
2 shape characteristicss of mold
septate/ aseptate, hypae
338
filamentos hairy colonies on agar
mold
339
grown on or beneath the agar surface
vegetative hypae
340
project above the agar surface
aerial hyphae
341
whats the phrase for fungal dimorphism
yeast in the beast, mold in the cold
342
sabouraud dextrose agar
fungi
343
tinea versicolor caused by
malazzezia furfur (lipophilic yeasrt)
344
oval scaly macules, papules
pityriasis tinea versicolor
345
tinea capitis
head scalp
346
tinea barbae
beard
347
tinea corporis
mooth skin (hairless trunk)
348
tinea cruris
groin
349
tinea pedis
foot
350
tinea unguium
nails
351
floureces under UV light (wood lamp)
tinea captis
352
protozoa are
single celled
353
metazoa
are multicellular
354
how do protozoa reproduce
binary fission
355
flagellate protozoa
trichomonas aginalis, giardia lambila
356
amoeba
enatamoeba
357
plasmodia
causes malaria
358
helmiths
metaxoa worms
359
nematodes
intestinal roundworms
360
causes pin worm
enterobius vermicularis
361
causes whip worm
trichuris trichiura
362
flat leaf shaped worms
flukes
363
claims or snails
flukes
364
operculated egs
flukes
365
lung fluke
paragonimus westermani
366
cestodes
tapeworms
367
scolex
cestodes
368
pork tapework
taenia solium
369
taenia saginata
beef tapeworm
370
diphyllobothrium latum
fish tapeworkm
