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Gram positive cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three generally characteristics of gram positive cocci

A

have a spherical shape, no endospores, and are aerobic

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2
Q

what are the catalase negative cocci

A

streptococcus, enterococcus

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3
Q

what are the cataplase positive cocci

A 
staphylococcus
micrococcus
kocuria
kytococcus
alloiococcus
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4
Q

staphylcocci as opposed to streptococci usually cause what type of infections

A

pyogenic (only

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5
Q

staphylcocci is _______for catalse

A

positive

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6
Q

streptococci is ________for catalse

A

negative

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7
Q

streptcocci appear as

A

chains or pairs

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8
Q

staphylococci appear s

A

grape like clusters

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9
Q

type of infections staphylococci cause

A

pyogenic and pyrogenic both!

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10
Q

what is the significance of how staphylococci grow

A

they are halophiles

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11
Q

are staphylococci motile

A

NO

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12
Q

oxygen requirement of staphylococci

A

facultative anaerobic

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13
Q

common diseases associated with s. aureus

A

toxin mediated such as food poisoning, scaled skin syndrome, TSS, cutaneous diseases (impetigo), and systemic diseases

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14
Q

___________is associated with bacteremia, endocarditis, UTIS and is opportunistic

A

s epidermidis

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15
Q

_____________-is associated with UTI’s and is opportunisitc (usaully not older people UTI’s)

A

s. saprophyticus

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16
Q

S lugdunesis can cause what main clinical concern

A

endocarditis

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17
Q

S. haemolyticus can cause

A

bacteremia, bone/joint infections, endocarditis, UTI’s, wound infections, and opportunistic infections

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18
Q

where is staph found

A

oropharynx, GI tract and urogenital tract

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19
Q

what staph is carried on all persons but only 15-20% is carried on some individuals

A

s. epidermidis on all

s aureus on some

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20
Q

how is staph transmitted

A

direct contact or fomites

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21
Q

what are the three virulence factors associated with staph

A

capsule-inhibits phagocytosis
peptidoglycan-makes cell wall rigid, endotoxin like activity
teichoic acids-bind fibronectin, poor immunogens

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22
Q

____is known as the most important staph species

A

staph aureus

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23
Q

gram, catalase and coagulase of staph aureus

A

postive, positive, positive (triple p)

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24
Q

types of agar you culture staph aureus in

A

manitol salt agars, beta hemolytic on BA gives gold colored colonies

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25
where is staph aureus found
anterior nares
26
specific virulence factors associated with staph aureus
adhesins | protein A, toxins and enzymes
27
what staph is associated with impetigo
staph aureus
28
function of protein A
finds Fc receptor on IgG antibodies and prevents antibody mediated clearance, forms immune complexes, binds compkement and used for specific identification of staph aureus
29
what are the 5 cytolytic toxins associated with staph aureus
alpha, beta, delta, gamma and panton valentine leukocidin
30
what are the 2 exfoliative toixins of staph aureus
A and B
31
what are the 8 enterotoxins associated with staph aureus
A to E, G to I
32
toxin in staph aureus associated with TSS
exfoliative toin A, enterotxins, TSST-1 are super antigens
33
all hemolysins lyse
neutrophils
34
what are the cytolytic toxins of staph aureus that can affect RBC's
alpha and gamma
35
is the PV leukocidin of s. aureus associated with lysing RBC's
no
36
PVL is linked with
severe pulmonary and cutaneous infections
37
alpha toxin of s. aureus
produced by most strains | toxic to RBC WBC, hepatocytes, and platelets, pore forming toxins, mediates tissue damage
38
beta toxin of s. aureus
heat labile, produced by most strains, toxic to RBC,s WBCs, fibroblasts, catalyzes hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin, synergizes with alpha toxin
39
what toxin acts like a surfactant or detergent like action
delta toxin
40
what toxin lyses macrophages
gamma toxin
41
what toxin functions in pore formation
panton valentine leukocidin
42
what toxin is associated with s. aureus MRSA
PVL
43
_____is heat stable
ETA
44
________is heat labile
ETB
45
________split intrercellular bridges in stratum granulosum epidermidis
serine proteases
46
if there are no bacteria and WBCs in the affected area this means that
ETA or ETB strain of staph aureus
47
what are two diseases characterizied by strains of staph aureus having ETA or ETB toxins
scalded skin syndrome and bullous impetigo
48
staph aureus enterotoxin B causes
staphylococcail psudomembranous entercolitis
49
entertoxin C and D of s. aureus found in
contaminated milk products
50
what toxins are responsible for causing food poisoning
s. aureus enterotoxins
51
what cells are responsible for emesis of food poisoning
mast cells
52
in addition to coagulase and catalse, what other enzyme does staph aureus have
penicillinase beta lactamase
53
impetgo is caused by what two staph
staph pyogenes and staph aureus
54
what type of hemolysis does s. aureus have
beta
55
s aureus turns what in manitol salt sgar
yellow
56
s epidermidis turns what in manitol salt agar
read
57
present of antibodies to teichoic acids means you might have a
s. aureus infection
58
differentiating factor in terms of gram, catalse and coagulase for staph aureus and staph epidermidis/saprophyticus
staph saprophyticius and staph epidermidis are coagulase negative
59
______-are novobiocin sensitive
staphylociccus epidermidis
60
________have the ability to adhere to plastic
s. epidermidis
61
___________are novobiocin resistant
staph. saprophyticus
62
if your catalse test is negative what type of gram positive cocci do you have
streptococcus species
63
if your coagulase test is positive, catalase test is positive
staph aureus
64
if your coagulase test is neg. catalse test is positive
either staph saprophyticus or staph epidermidis
65
_______________known to cause chronic middle ear infections in children
alloiococcus otitidis
66
if catalase test is negative on a gram positive cocci then it is
streptoccocus species
67
if beta hemolytic catalse neg, not sensitive to bacitracin
streptococcus pyogenes
68
if alpha hemolytici, catalse neg, not sensitive to optochin
streptocuccs pneumoniae
69
all _______are catalse negative
streptococci
70
type of oxygen requirement for streptococcus
facultative anaerobes some are capnophilic needing carbon dioxide
71
ways streptococcus are classified are
serology, hemolytic patterns, and biochemical properties

Immunology/Microbiology (10 decks)

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