Bacterial Infections Pregnant Uterus

Question 1

What re the 3 sources of infection of the genita tract?

Answer 1

• Venereal transmission eg. CEMO (contagious equine metritits0
• Endogenous eg. s. zooepidemicus on mucosal surfaces
• Environmental eg. B licheniformis (spores in hay, soil etc.)

Question 2

Give some bacterial causes of bovine abortion

Answer 2

• Leptospira hardjo
• Salmonella Dublin
• Bacillus LIcheniformis
• Brucela abortus and meitensis
• Mycoses

Question 3

What problems may leptospira organisms cause?

Answer 3

• abortion
• v milk yield
• infertility

Question 4

What is the reservoir of leptospira?

Answer 4

• cattle and sheep co-grazing
• water
• shared bull/new animals

Question 5

How is leptospira diagnosed and what else is important to mention to the ownr?

Answer 5

• paired herd serology testing (check for ^ Abs over time)
• it is zoonotic
• 77% herds are infected

Question 6

How do letopira appear on dark field microscopy?

Answer 6

• light as stain doesnt stick (too thin)

- highly motile

Question 7

Describe bacillus licheniforms

Answer 7

• aerobic
• G+ spore forming rod
• opportunistic environmental organism

Question 8

What type of disease dows bacillus licheniformis cause?

Answer 8

• sporadic abortion

Question 9

Why may bacillus licheniformis be difficult to Dx with cultrue etc.?

Answer 9

from the environment so sample of aborted material likely to be easily contaminated!!

Question 10

Is brucella abortus common in UK?

Answer 10

Eradicated!!

- present in Ireland and parts of Europe

Question 11

Pathogenesis of brucella abortus?

Answer 11

• zoonotic causes undulant fever in humans
• chronic infections, granulomatous lesions, migration to placenta (erythritol sugar alcohol - not sure of relevance!?)
• causes placentitis leading to abortion

Question 12

Describe brucella abortus

Answer 12

Delicate G-ve cocco-acillus

Question 13

What is used to stain brue=cella abortus?

Answer 13

Kosters stain

Question 14

WHat is salmonella cultured in?

Answer 14

XLD medium

Question 15

How may fungal abortino be distinguished?

Answer 15

Distinctive lesions on aborted foetuses

Question 16

What is the cause of bovine infectious infertility?

Answer 16

• campylobacter fetus venerealis (G- rod)

Question 17

Where is campylobacter fetus venerealis found and what is the pathophysiology?

Answer 17

• mms and prepuce of bul - lifelong asymptomatic infection

- infection of COW causes catarrhal inflammation of the genital tract, endometritits, inflammation and abortion

Question 18

How may bovine infectious infertility be detected?

Answer 18

• culture of sheath washings or abortion products

Question 19

What are the causes on bovine non-specific post partum endometritits? What pathology does this disease cause?

Answer 19

• Trueperella
• E. COli
• Enterococcus feacalis
• Anaerobes eg. bacteroides sp.
• > Bovine pyometra

Question 20

What 2 pathogens are mainly responsible for ovine abortion?

Answer 20

• Toxoplasma

- Clamydophila

Question 21

When does chlamydophila cause abortion?

Answer 21

Late pregnancy

Question 22

How does chlamydophila infect cells?

Answer 22

Obligate intracellular pathogen, causes persistnet infection

Question 23

Does chlamyophila affect subsequent fertility?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What is the reservoir of chlamydophila and how is it spread?

Answer 24

• sheep, feaces, birds, pasture reservoir

- Venereal or oral transmission

Question 25

How may chlamydophila be detected?

Answer 25

Antigen detection by ELISA and Kosters (modified ZN) stain or PCR

Question 26

Can chlamydophila be vaccinated against?

Answer 26

Yes, will prevent new cases but not clear established infection

Question 27

Where does chlamydophila mature/

Answer 27

In RBCs

Question 28

Where is camyplobacter foetus foetus found/reservoir? How does this eventually cause abortion?

Answer 28

INtestinal tract and feaces | - consumed, causes bacteraemia and ends up in placenta -> abortion

Question 29

What are the 2 pathogens that cause pyometra and endometritits in dogs?

Answer 29

- Coliforms eg. E.Coli | - B-haemolytic strep (eg. S. Canis, S, zooepidemicus)

Question 30

WHat pathogens commonly cause prostatitis in dogs?

Answer 30

- non specific infection | - E. Coli, proteus, strep, staph, mycoplasma felis

Question 31

Which is the commonest pathogen to cause abortion in mares? What is its classification?

Answer 31

S zooepidemicus (B haemolytic strep, lancefield group C)

Question 32

What casues CEM in horses?

Answer 32

Taylorella Equigenitalis

Question 33

How does CEM infection differ to brucella?

Answer 33

CEM = acute, contagious, venereal transmission | Brucella can persist undetected

Question 34

WHat clinical signs does CEM cause?

Answer 34

``` MARE - metritits - cervicitis - discharge 10-14d after breeding STALLION - asymptomatic ```

Question 35

Where is CEM endemic?

Answer 35

Non-TBs in EUrope

Question 36

What pathogen causes equine metritis? What may this ultimately cause and where is the reservoir?

Answer 36

Klebsiella pnumoniae - enteric bacteria - causes abortion

Question 37

Which pathogens must be tested by culturing to demonstrate freedom from infection before breeding?

Answer 37

Klebsiella pnumoniae | Pseudomonas aeroguinosa