Pig Repro

Question 0

What is a target no. litters/year?

Answer 0

2.2-2.4

Question 1

What is the target piglets/soq/year?

Answer 1

22-26

Question 2

Target litter size?

Answer 2

12-14

Question 3

Target preweaning mortality?

Answer 3

<10%

Question 4

what age do pigs reach puberty? what weight?

Answer 4

• 6-8 months

- 120 kg

Question 5

Which oestrus are pigs first mated at?

Answer 5

• 2nd or 3rd (3rd best)

Question 6

What is the gestation length of the pig?

Answer 6

• 115 (3months 3 weeks 3days)

- differs between herds

Question 7

How long do pigs lactate for?

Answer 7

• 28d

- minimum weaning age

Question 8

How long does it take pigs to return to oestrus?

Answer 8

3-5d

Question 9

How many parities are pigs culled after?

Answer 9

6

Question 10

How many follicles on each ovary at ovulation?

Answer 10

20

Question 11

WHere does feritlisation take place in the pig?

Answer 11

Oviduct (sperm must enter before ovulation occours)

Question 12

How is maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig?

Answer 12

Release of E2 to inhibit PG production (which would cause luteolysis)

Question 13

WHat happens around the time of embreyo implantation? What happens to delayed implantation piglets?

Answer 13

• embreyos move into uterus, move around uterus and implant
• change uterine environment
  > late comers likely to die off

Question 14

When does the sow ovulate?

Answer 14

• NOT 12 hours after standing oestrus like in cows.

Question 15

HOw long is a sow in standing oestrus for?

Answer 15

~2d

Question 16

When does the sow ovulate?

Answer 16

2/3 way through standing oestrus period

- but this time changes depending on length of oestrus which is variable each cycle

Question 17

What happens to sperm after entering the uterus?

Answer 17

Parks up in oviduct and enters low metabolic state

Question 18

HOw is PD carried out in the sow?

Answer 18

• ultrasound A mode, doppler
• hormones
• visual (only week before farrowing)

Question 19

HOw early can farrowing be induced?

Answer 19

2-3d before expected date

Question 20

Why may parity 2 dip occour?

Answer 20

Improper nutrition - following first litter while growing herself, lactation massive energy demand -> opposite of flushing, v litter size

Question 21

HOw may oestrus be induced without drugs? Eg. if sows reaching 120kg and not coming into oestrus.

Answer 21

Stress group of pigs!!

- put into a lorry and drive round for couple of hours

Question 22

WHat is regular return defined as in the pig?

Answer 22

21d

Question 23

What is the general cause for regular returns?

Answer 23

boar problem

Question 24

What is the common cause for irregular returns?

Answer 24

- management problems - early embreyonic losses * be aware by coincidence this may happen at regular return date aswell

Question 25

How many sows are culled per year?

Answer 25

40%

Question 26

Look at lecture for slide of targets and interference levels

Answer 26

***

Question 27

What happens if <6 embreyos in uterus at beginning of pregnancy?

Answer 27

- reabsorbed, not viable to have such a small litter

Question 28

What are liekly causes of mummifeid foetuses/stillbirths of all one size?

Answer 28

uterine environment affected at one time (stress or fever, toxic or nutiritonal causes)

Question 29

At hat age are foetuses immunocomeptetn?

Answer 29

70d

Question 30

What will piglets >35d dying look like?

Answer 30

Mummified through to sillborn (pig like) as ossification has begun.

Question 31

How may environment affect pregnancy?

Answer 31

- sunburn -> PG release and abortion

Question 32

Waht may cause abortion?

Answer 32

- micronutrient vet E and A - mycotoxins - oestrogens?

Question 33

What are SMEDI type problems usually caused by?

Answer 33

- Parvo | - enteroviruses

Question 34

DOes parvo cause abortion?

Answer 34

NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO | causes SMEDI

Question 35

How may parvovirus be controlled?

Answer 35

Vax 8 weeks before service on first occasion [and 2 weeks before for subsequent boosters ?? NOT NECESSARY! long duration of immunity from initial vax]

Question 36

What type of immmunity is aimed for with parvo virus?

Answer 36

- odd mummified foetus to show it is endemic in the herd | - otherwise at risk of explosive outbreak

Question 37

PAthogens causing equential embreyonic death?

Answer 37

- PRRS - SIV (swine influenza ) - Erysipelas (vasculitis) - Leptospirosis (sigificance debatable) - PCV2? > notifiable diseases - AD, CSF, ASF

Question 38

How does smedi differ to sequential embreyonic death?

Answer 38

DOnt know ! Look up

Question 39

What is blue ear disease? Is it common?

Answer 39

Porcine repro and resp syndrome | - rare now

Question 40

WHat do you vax pigs for? What else should be done at this time?

Answer 40

- parvo - erysipelas (esp outdoor and smallholding definitely) - PCV2 +clostridia for outdoor pigs (cuases sudden death but not repro disorders) - paired blood sample 2-3weeks apart (freeze serum in clotted tube) no need to test unless something goes wrong - check for rising titres

Question 41

How can you estimate gestational age?

Answer 41

- crown rump length 21 + (3xcrown/rump length(cm)) = days

Question 42

Lab investigations - what samples should be sent off?

Answer 42

3 foetuses minimal - stomach contents - liver (risk of contamination in post) - chill dont freeze

Question 43

targets for abortion, mummified and still born/litter

Answer 43

- 1% abrtion - 2% mummification - 7% stillborn

Question 44

When is vaginal prolapse seen?

Answer 44

PRE farrowing

Question 45

Tx vaginal prolapse

Answer 45

- purse string suture or Buhner suture - ABx - NSAIDs (aspirin licensed)

Question 46

What is Zearelenone toxicity?

Answer 46

OEstrogenic consumption -> herd problems

Question 47

WHat does borwn staining in the trachea indicate?

Answer 47

Meconium inhalation - dystocia and distress during birth

Question 48

WHen does corneal opacity (blue appearance) occour?

Answer 48

24hours post mortem

Question 49

What is the commonest cause of intra-partum death?

Answer 49

- prologned farrowing - last 3rd of partuiriton piglets - NOT infectious

Question 50

Why iis temperature regulation difficult inthe farrowing house?

Answer 50

- piglets get cold eassily | - sows overheat easily

Question 51

Common causes of postparturient death?

Answer 51

- chilling | - overlying

Question 52

How do piglets choose their nipple?

Answer 52

Stick to the one they first choose - will not go to free teat

Question 53

What is AIAO?

Answer 53

all in all out - disease control - good practice - do not leave smaller piglets behind (likely to be the most diseased!)

Question 54

What mechanical problems are common in farrowing houses?

Answer 54

- Carbon monoxide poisoning from faulty heaters | - faulty electrics where farmers have fiddled

Question 55

COngential abnormalities

Answer 55

- lack of anus (atresia ani) - splay leg -

Question 56

How should OT be given?

Answer 56

2-5IU in a drip (want small doses frequently)

Question 57

How regularly should pigelts be born?

Answer 57

every 20 minutes

Question 58

Is assisstance indicated for a first farrowing sow?

Answer 58

No - will make repeats more likely in subsequent farrowing

Question 59

When is uterine prolapse seen?

Answer 59

post farrowing - bladder often come ouut too - catheterise before internalising

Question 60

can you rectal a sow?

Answer 60

Yes provided not a gilt

Question 61

When does hypocalceimia occour?

Answer 61

Post partum

Question 62

How many teats shouuld a pig have?

Answer 62

14

Question 63

WHat is a common cause of agalactiae?

Answer 63

lack of water - dry chalky vulva - dired up mammary glands