Mammary Gland Disease Flashcards
(32 cards)
mammary masses more malignant in cats or dogs?
- dogs 50% malignant, of those 50% metastasise
- cats more aggressive, 90% malignant, of those 80% metastasise
Mammary masses more common in dogs or cats? why?
- dogs
- more cats neutered
risk factors of mammary tumour?
- ^ age
- intact queen/bitch
- obesity early on in life
- P4 treatment (not common nowadays, used to be used for skin tx)
- benign tumours pdf for malignant mammary tumours
What age should neutering be carried out by for protective effects?
- < 3rd season for bitch
- <1 year for queen
where should masses be checked for on PE?
- all glands
- inguinal and axillary regions
- rectal (sublumber LNs)
- inflammaotry carcinoma not a discrete mass (feels swollen, not mobile - v. aggressive)
- feline tumours often not a discrete mass (>50% multiple masses, > 25% ulcerated) as more aggressive form of neoplasia
3 types of benign mammary tumour?
- adenoma (glandular)
- mesenchymal
- mixed tumour
3 types of malignant mammary tumour?
- carcinoma (subtypes of carcinoma: solid, tubular, papillary, inflammatory - based on path report)
- sarcoma
- carcinosarcoma
DDx for mammary lumps?
- mastitis (only if pregnant or eeding puppies)
- galactostasis (when puppies being weaned)
- galacatorrhoea (in pseudopregnancy)
- mammary hyperplasia (esp cats, will resolve spontaneously, spaying resolves)
- cutaneous/subcutaneous tumour (eg.MCT)
Staging system for mammary tumours. Diagnostics for this?
> TMN
- tumour size (>3cm)
- regional lymph node
- distant metastasis (lung)
PE
Chest radiographs
ABdominal US
FNA enlarged/hard LN (inflam/skin tumour/mammary tumour)
Haem/biochem (check anaesthesia risk liver/kidney, concurrent disease)
surgical biopsy (incisional [inoperable eg. inflam carcinoma] v excisional [well defined, mobile, small with good margins]) usually incisional first
WHat may occour 2* to sublumbar LN enlargement?
- compresses colon -> constipation
- aspirate LN to see if mets
Medical Tx
? - chemo?
? - tamoxifen or other hormone-R Tx? Side effects: bleeding, pyo
- radiotherapy NOT used in cats/dogs
WHat iss the best Tx choice for majority of mammary tumours?
- surgical
- EXCEPTION inflammatory carcinoma (not affected by surgery, likely not much time left)
- EXCEPTION metastasis (LNs/lungs)
> do not delay surgery (assume all malignant)
How may mammary glands do cats and dogs have?
Cats 4
DOgs 5
What are the inguinal LNs closely associated with?
Most caudal mammary gland
What are the axillary LNs assocaited with?
Not really - quite far cranial, have to go out of your way to remove
How do glands drain lymph and blood?
Cranial drain forward, caudal backwards (generally)
- some cross over
What will have to be ligated when removed glands/LNs? What post-op complications may occour because of this?
- caudal superficial epigastric artery (passes thorugh inguinal canal) + lymphatics
- > oedematous hind limb (will resolve)
Outline mastectomy surgery
- excise with >2cm normal margins
- excise fasia or muscle if necessary
- place drain for dead space
- submit EACH tumour for pathology
WHat type of surgery is usually performed on cats and dogs?
- DOGS: complete but not radical surgery (only need to remove mass with margins)
- CATS: unilateral (all glands on one side) mastectomy MINIMUM (all mammary tissue removed.
What is the least invasive surgery
Lumpectomy
What is a simple mastectomy?
Remove one gland with the mass (ensure >2cm margins)
WHat is a regional mastectomy?
- removal of multiple glands +- regional LNs
- cranial or caudal (caudal common)
What is the minimum surgery to perform on cats? When is this also performed in dogs?
- unilateral mastectomy
- scar from previous surgery (need margins around scar)
How should bilateral mastectomy be performed?
- staged procedure
- unilateral mastectomy first, leave to heal, 2* surgery 3-4 weeks later.
