Bacterial Metabolism Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are autotrophs?
uses CO2 as its carbon source
What are heterotrophs?
uses organic compounds as a carbon source
What are phototrophs?
uses light as an energy source (algae)
What are chemoorganotrophs?
uses organic chemicals as energy sources (man), all are heterotrophs
What are chemolithotrophs?
uses inorganic chemicals as energy sources
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
total energy remains constant, energy can’t be created or destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
any changes in energy causes the quantity of useful energy to decrease
What is entropy (2nd law of thermo)
increase in randomness and disorder
What are examples of exergonic and endergonic reactions?
exergonic: hydrolysis reactions
endergonic: dehydration synthesis
Where is chemical energy from exergonic reactions stored in?
ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate, G6P, Acetyl co A
Where are some long term energy storages found?
glycogen, elemental sulfur, starch, lipids
What are some electron carriers?
NADH, FADH2, Fe2+
What are enzymes mostly made out of?
proteins, as well as non-protein prosthetic groups and vitamins
How much ATP is made in glycolysis?
2, but with oxygen an additional 34/36 is created
What is fermentation’s mechanism of ATP synthesis?
substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is directly synthesized from an energy rich intermediate
What is respiration’s mechanisms of ATP synthesis?
oxidation phosphorylation. ATP is produced from proton motive force formed by transport of electrons
What is used and produced in the Embden Meyerhoff pathway of glycolysis?
glucose, 2ATP, and 2 NAD are used
2 pyruvic acid molecules, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH are created
What are some products of fermentation?
ethanol, lactic acid, butanol, propionic acid, butyric acid
