Catabolic Reactions Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is the process for ethanol fermentation?
pyruvate turns into acetaldehyde and CO2
acetaldehyde turns into ethanol
NADH turns to NAD
When is ethanol fermentation used?
yeast in the absence of oxygen
ethanol used to make beer and wine
What is the process of lactic acid fermentation?
pyruvate turns into lactate (reversible)
NADH turns to NAD
When is lactic acid fermentation used?
certain bacteria utilized in food production (yogurt, sour cream, kimchee)
humans do this when there is no oxygen
ex) Lactobacilius sp. , Streptocoocus sp.
What is the process of mixed acid fermentation and an example?
pyruvate turns to formate which turns into H2+CO2
NADH turns into NAD
ex) E.coli
What is the process of butanediol fermentation?
pyruvate to acetoin to 2,3 butanediol
NADH turns into NAD
ex) Enterobacter aerogenes
What is a phosphoroclastic reaction?
Pyruvate + CoA eventually creates
Acetyl PO4 +ADP which makes acetate and ATP
ex) Clostridium sp.
What is ferriddoxin?
an iron contain protein is responsive for H2 production in a phosphoroclastic reaction
What are other substrates that can undergo fermentation other than glucose?
sugars other than glucose, amino acids, aromatic compounds, and purines/pyrimidines
What is the preparation for the Krebs cycle and where does it occur?
pyruvic acid turns into acetyl CoA and CO2
1 NADH formed per pyruvate conversion
occurs in the mitochondria
What is the rest of the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl group + oxaloacetic acid turns into citric acid
citric acid after 7 steps turns into oxaloacetic acid
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP formed per acetyl group
releases CO2
What is the glyoxylate cycle?
Catabolism of C2-C3 organic acids typically involves production of oxaloacetate
Glyoxylate is a key intermediate
What is the electron transport system?
uses NADH and FADH2 to move H+ ions from matrix to outside of the membrane
Movement of H+ ions down concentration gradient provides energy to make ATP from ADP and P
What is the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport system?
oxygen
Where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytoplasm
Why is there a reduction in net ATP for eukaryotes?
have to transfer the pyruvate in to the mitochondria costs 2-4 ATP
What is unique about anaerobic respiration?
use of electron acceptors other than oxygen
less energy released compared to aerobic respiration
ex) NO3, SO4, CO3
Nitrate anaerobic respiration
NO3 to N2O to N2
Facultative anaerobes
ex) Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Moraxella sp.
Sulfate anaerobic respiration
SO4 to S to H2S
Strict anaerobe
ex) Desulfovibrio sp.
What microbes use fumarate to succinate (TCA Cycle)?
E coli, Proteus sp., Enterococcus sp.
Methane anaerobic respiration
CO2 to CH4
Methanogenic bacteria found in intestinal tracts, sewage plants, ruminants
Methanobacter sp., Methanococcus sp.
Iron anaerobic respiration
Fe3+ to Fe2+
Acidophilic (H2SO4)
ex) thiobacillus feroxidans
What is chemolithotrophy?
uses inorganic chemicals as electron donors
typically aerobic
begins with oxidatoin of inorganic electron donor
What is phototrophy?
light as energy source
