Start of Exam 2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Which bacteria produce endospores?
Bacillus sp. and Clostridium sp.
What is sporulation and germination?
sporulation is when conditions become unfavorable, germination is when favorable conditions return
What are some characteristics of endospores?
resistant to heat, drying, chemical disinfection, stains, radiation
Which bacteria causes anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
Which bacteria causes tetanus?
Clostridium tetani
Which bacteria causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
Which bacteria causes botulism?
Clostridium botulinum
What are the four types of bacteria flagella?
Polar (monotrichous)- single flagellum at one end of cell
Amphitrichous- single flagellum at both ends of cell
Lophotrichous- multiple flagella at one or both ends of the cell
Peritrichous- multiple flagella randomly all over the cell
What is the structure of the bacterial flagella?
Helical structure composed of protein flagellin, rotation of hook causes motion
What is gliding motility?
doesn’t use a flagella, slower but smoother than swimming, movement typically occurs along long axis of cell
What is chemotaxis?
movement across a chemical gradient
What is phototaxis?
movement across a light gradient
What is aerotaxis?
response to oxygen
What is osmotaxis?
response to ionic strength
What is hydrotaxis?
response to water
What is fimbriae?
short straight filamentous protein structures on surface of cell
function- help organism stick
What is pili?
Short straight filamentous HOLLOW protein structure on surface of cell
function- allow DNA transfer between bacteria
What is a gas vesicle?
spindle shaped structure made out of protein that is found in cyanobacteria (very rigid)
What are inclusion bodies?
Store excessive nutrients like Glycogen, PHB, sulfur, and magnetosomes
