Bacteriology 1 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Bacteriology 1 2 Deck (12)
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1
Q

Compare prokaryote to eukaryote

A

No nucleus vs nucleus. Circular DNA (supercoiled) vs linear chromosomes. No membrane bound organelles vs yes and other membranes. 70S vs 80S ribosomes. Peptidoglycan cell wall vs not.

2
Q

Bacterial structures to know

A

Nucleoid, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, pili, flagella

3
Q

Function of pilus

A

Pili bring bacteria together for exchange plasmids, but plasmids are not transferred through the pili rather through a pore.

4
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Glycocalyx and slime layer (Sugary coating), or glycocalyx and capsule (sticky and protects from immune system)

5
Q

Why do we need to know the structures?

A

Targets for antibiotics esp b/c they are different from ours

6
Q

How can we differentiate b/w bacteria types?

A

Microscopic and colony features (shape, grouping, mobility, gram stain), Metabolism and oxygen requirements, Growth Environment (differential media etc), Virulence factors

7
Q

How do bacteria cause disease? Steps

A

Pathogenic organism, reservoir, acquisition, adhesion, local multiplication, invasion, evade immune system, damage

8
Q

Review on classification of organisms

A

Kingdom (apparently 6), Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

9
Q

6 kingdoms

A

Eubacteria (normal bacteria), archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

10
Q

How to name bacteria

A

Genus and species

11
Q

Stain options

A

Gram stain (no good for mycobacteria): fix, crystal violet, iodine, decolourize, counterstain. Acid fast stain (for mycobacteria - show red): heat/phenol, dye, rinse with acid alcohol (hence acid fast)

12
Q

Gram positive vs gram negative

A

Positive: purple-blue; Thick peptidoglycan; Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids; No outer membrane. Negative: red; Thin peptidoglycan; Space surrounding the peptidoglycan layer; Outer membrane (protection, porins); Lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane