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Flashcards in Typical Pneumonia Deck (13)
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1
Q

Pneumonia defn

A

Inflammatory condition affecting the alveoli

2
Q

What agents can cause pneumonia?

A

Viruses, bacteria (Strep pneumonia, H influenzae, and less typical ones), fungi (endemic), and [parasites]

3
Q

What can S pneumoniae cause?

A

Most common cause of pneumonia, also causes otitis media, sinusitis, bacteremia and meningitis

4
Q

Description of S pneumoniae bacteria?

A

Gram positive cocci in pairs or short chains. Capsule is huge! 95 types - immunity issue. IgA protease; Adhesins; Extracellular products (Pneumolysin, hyaluronidase, Dnases).

5
Q

Carriers of S pneumoniae

A

Many people have it naturally in nasopharynx.

6
Q

Common symptoms of S pneumoniae in lungs

A

High resp rate, lower O2 sats, fever, chest pain, rusty sputum

7
Q

What should you do with someone who presents with what looks like a chest infection?

A

O2, IV fluids, CBC, chest Xray, Sputum and blood cultures, and antibiotics

8
Q

How does S. pneumoniae cause crackles and X ray findings?

A

binds with adhesins; Capsule is antiphagocytic, prevents opsonization. Causes inflammatory response, fluid increases in lung: great place for growth and move around

9
Q

After S pneumoniae binding and fluid coming into lung, what happens?

A

Damage endothelium - RBC enter alveoli (cause rusty sputum); 4. WBC and fibrin accumulate, normally air filled areas become “consolidated”; can spread from lungs to lymph and eventually blood; if not filtered by spleen (key for capsules) it can cause other infections

10
Q

What other infections can S pneumonia cause if it reaches the blood and is not filtered by spleen?

A

infections in other areas like meninges, joints and heart valves

11
Q

Acute Bacterial Otitis Media

A

Often after viral infection, S pneumoniae or Hi B are common. Bulging, non mobile ear drum, Yellow/gray drum, Fever, ear pain

12
Q

Resistance issues with S pneumoniae?

A

Resistance with ß lactams, TMPSMX, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones. Can overcome penicillin resistance with higher dose

13
Q

S pneumonia vaccines

A

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23 capsule types, short lived). Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13 capsule types, induce memory, produce IgG)