Immunology 1 2 - basics and AB Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Immunology 1 2 - basics and AB Deck (19)
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1
Q

List non-specific host defences

A

Skin, mucous membranes, temp, low ph (stomach), chemicals (lysozyme, interferon, complement) phagocytes, inflammation

2
Q

B cell - briefly

A

covered in antibodies. Become plasma cell when activated, also creates memory B cell

3
Q

Th cells

A

CD4 cells and T cell receptor

4
Q

Tc cells

A

CD8 cells and T cell receptor. Kills infected cells (ie virally infected). There are effector Tc and memory Tc.

5
Q

Humoral response

A

aka Antibody response. B cell becomes plasma cell and produces Ab. Th cell helps plasma cell proliferation via cytokines

6
Q

Cell-mediated response

A

Th cells (MHCII) activated by antigen presenting cell, produce cytokines which help B and Tc cells. Tc cells bind MHCI and kill infected cell

7
Q

Path of bacteria upon entry through breakage in skin (normal)

A

Local infection. Complement, phagocytes, cytokines, macrophages, etc. Dendritic cells take it to lymph, interact with T and B cells, produce adaptive immunity

8
Q

Clonal expansion

A

When a B cell is activated by antigen interaction, it will proliferate to produce many daughter plasma cells and memory B cells.

9
Q

MCHI and MCHII subclasses

A

MCHI has A, B, C. MCHII has DP, DQ, DR. Just bind different groups of peptides. Inherit from mom and dad, so you have 12 technically.

10
Q

Generation of AB diversity

A

random combos of heavy and light chain. Random combo of V,D, and V,D,J regions. Changes in the spice sites b/w regions. Somatic mutations in development. Different C regions for different classes.

11
Q

Structure of antibody

A

Fc receptor for bonding complement. Light chain has constant region, Heavy has one in the arms and then 2 or more in the stem. Hyper-variable regions in both heavy and light - the three segments on each are not close sequentially but come together in space

12
Q

IgM

A

First to be made. Pentamer, connected by S-S and J chain. 4 constant regions.Can also exist as monomer as a cell surface receptor (on B cells)

13
Q

IgG

A

Most abundant in blood. 4 subtypes (1-4). 3 constant regions.

14
Q

IgA

A

Released in secretions as a dimer or trimer (connected by J piece)

15
Q

IgE

A

4 constant regions. Reacts in allergies, stimulate histamine release. Not common

16
Q

IgD

A

Enigma. Not common

17
Q

Types of determinants

A

Conformational (3D structure, undenatured). Linear (some only bindable when denatured, some are either) Neoantigenic (determinant only exists when part of antigen is cleaved or phosphorylated)

18
Q

AB complexes types

A

AB excess: small complexes, not much agglutination. Large complexes: equal AB and antigen, lots of agglutination. Antigen excess: small complexes again b/c AB is saturated

19
Q

Where do many immune complexes fall out of solution? Problems?

A

Many in glomeruli (slow and convoluted) and skin (cooler) and joints. Can result in inflammation reaction in vessels.