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Flashcards in HIV 1 - epidemiology etc Deck (18)
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1
Q

Early epidemiology of HIV and turning point

A

Common in homosexuals, immigrants, drug users, poor. Then heterosexual spread and transfusion recipients.

2
Q

Progress against it up to 2000

A

Test for HIV AB in mid 80s, able to prevent mother-to-child in mid 90s, HAART in mid 90s

3
Q

Epidemic by the numbers

A

About 35 million infected in world, newly infected is 2.3M/year, deaths are over 1M/year.

4
Q

How much is HIV spread sexually? what is the other percent?

A

About 80%. Also can be mother-to-child (helped with therapy), injection drugs, transfusion, needlestick (low)

5
Q

Opportunistic infections with HIV

A

TB, mycobateria, fungal, pneumonia, others (thrush, shingles)

6
Q

Risk categories by gender in Canada

A

Men: highest in homosexual contact, then drugs, then heterosexual. Female: most is heterosexual contact, then drugs. Hetero females are at high risk

7
Q

AIDS defn

A

low CD4 (<200), and other opportunistic infections

8
Q

WHO

A

set new targets and guidelines to help control it. goal was 3M by 05. Still only reached 20% of people affected, barriers to ART, costs to patients.

9
Q

Societal impact in African countries

A

Life expectancy dropped significantly in 80s/90s. Forced to choose b/w school and ART and malaria Tx. Uganda: political campaign promoting ABC (abstinence, be faithful, condoms).

10
Q

Needlestick injury

A

Usually very low risk (.42%). Factors depend on wearing gloves, type of needle (venous needle more), viral load of patient (if on therapy it is lower). Wash with sad and water, call for risk assessment, consider ART prophylaxis.

11
Q

Why does HIV spread so much?

A

86% is heterosexual (truckers, prostitutes, trade routes). Most is transmitted with acute infected people, i.e. early on and not diagnosed probably (in AIDS and chronic patients, transmission is much lower/# of contacts)

12
Q

General targets to prevent HIV transmission

A

Decrease exposure (ART lowers HIV in sex fluids), block transmission (condoms), block entry of virus to new cells, treat after exposure,

13
Q

Mother to child transmission

A

Risk is 25-40%. Can be before, during and after birth (breast feeding = 10-20% w/o ART). ART helps; C section reduces risk; formula

14
Q

Male circumcision

A

decreases transmission by 50%. Apparently there are many cells that are likely to absorb HIV and other infections there.

15
Q

Pre-exposure of ART for HIV negative people?

A

For MSM, sex workers, and partners with a known patient. Shown to work to some degree (need to take pills!), but not every group. Issues: Resistance

16
Q

HIV vaccines

A

Some candidates, some recombinant gp120, etc. Trials aren’t great tho so far.

17
Q

Methods for reducing spread worldwide

A

Eliminate in kids, fidelity, condoms, vaccine (not yet), circumcision, encourage testing, increase care (people more comfortable), counselling.

18
Q

Methods for controlling the spread of the virus itself

A

Prevent virus from entering fluids (Tx); prevent contact (condoms); prevent HIV entering and replicating in cells