Basic brain structure/ function

Question 1

what are the 3 main divisions of the brain (and their proper names)

Answer 1

forebrain - prosencephalon
midbrain - mesencephalon
hindbrain - rhombencephalon

Question 2

what are the 2 divisions of the prosencephalon

Answer 2

diencephalon and telencephalon

Question 3

what makes up the diencephalon

Answer 3

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 4

what is the role of the thalamus and what sort of matter is it?

Answer 4

relay structure

grey matter

Question 5

what is the role of the hypothalamus and what sort of matter is it?

Answer 5

regulates pituitary gland
homeostasis
grey matter

Question 6

what makes up the telencephalon

Answer 6

basal ganglia and limbic system

Question 7

what are the parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 7

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
substancia nigra

Question 8

what is the striatum

Answer 8

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 9

what is the lentiform nucleus

Answer 9

globus pallidus and putamen

Question 10

what is the role of the basal ganglia

Answer 10

motor control
cognition
non-motor behaviour

Question 11

what are the components of the limbic system

Answer 11

amygdala
hippocampus
cingulate gyrus/ limbic cortex
septum
mammillary body

Question 12

what is the role of the amygdala

Answer 12

associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact

Question 13

what is the role of rhe hippocampus

Answer 13

long term anf spatial memory

Question 14

what is the role of the fornix

Answer 14

carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies. septal nucleus

Question 15

what is the role of the cingulate gyrus

Answer 15

links behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control

Question 16

what is the role of the septum

Answer 16

defence and aggression

Question 17

what is the role of the mammillary body

Answer 17

formation of recollective memory

Question 18

what are the parts of the mesencephalon

Answer 18

tectum and tegmentum

Question 19

what makes up the tegmentum

Answer 19

periaqueductal grey
red nucleus
substancia nigra

Question 20

what is another name for the tectum

Answer 20

colliculi (superior and inferior)

Question 21

what are the components of the rhombencephalon

Answer 21

myelencephalon

metencephalon

Question 22

what are the components of the myelencephalon

Answer 22

medulla

Question 23

what is the role of the medulla

Answer 23

contains tracts carrying signals between rest of brain and body

Question 24

what are the components of the metencephalon

Answer 24

pons and cerebellum

Question 25

what is the role of the pons

Answer 25

relay from cortex/ midbrain to cerebellum

Question 26

what is the role of the cerebellum

Answer 26

``` coordinates voluntary movement balance equilibrium coordinates muscle tone complex tasks modulates UMN ```

Question 27

what does the dorsal stream of the occipital lobe do

Answer 27

where - vision for movement

Question 28

what does the ventral stream of the occipital lobe do

Answer 28

what - vision for identification

Question 29

what are the 4 features of the BBB

Answer 29

endothelial tight junctions astrocyte end feet pericytes continuous basement membrane - no fenestrations (need specific transport for glucose)

Question 30

what are pericytes

Answer 30

contractile cells that wrap around endothelial cells of capillaries/ venules

Question 31

what cells make up the BBB

Answer 31

endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes

Question 32

what are circumventicular organs

Answer 32

parts of brain that lack BBB because they need to be in contact wth blood - have a sensory role

Question 33

what is an example of a circumventricular organ

Answer 33

posterior pituitary

Question 34

how much CSF do you have

Answer 34

120mls

Question 35

what is the role of CSF

Answer 35

protection

Question 36

what does CSF contain

Answer 36

protein urea glucose salts

Question 37

describe the structure of the choroid plexus

Answer 37

formed from modified ependymal cells, form around network of capillaries

Question 38

what is the most common cause of hydrocephalus

Answer 38

blocked cerebral aqueduct