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Anatomy and Physiology > Basic Terms > Flashcards

Basic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

append-

A

to hang something

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2
Q

append- word example

A

appendicular

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3
Q

cardi-

A

heart

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4
Q

cardi- word example

A

cardiac

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5
Q

cran-

A

helmet

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6
Q

cran- word example

A

cranial

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7
Q

dors-

A

back

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8
Q

dors- word example

A

dorsal

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9
Q

homeo-

A

same

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10
Q

homeo- word example

A

homeostasis

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11
Q

-logy

A

study of

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12
Q

-logy word example

A

biology, physiology

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13
Q

meta-

A

change

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14
Q

meta- word example

A

metaphase

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15
Q

pariet-

A

wall

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16
Q

pariet- word example

A

parietal membrane

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17
Q

pelv-

A

basin

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18
Q

pelv- word example

A

pelvis

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19
Q

peri-

A

around

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20
Q

peri- word example

A

peritoneum

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21
Q

pleur-

A

rib

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22
Q

pleur- word example

A

pleurotomy

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23
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

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24
Q

-stasis word example

A

homeostasis

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25
Q

-tomy

A

cutting

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26
Q

-tomy word example

A

craniotomy

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27
Q

levels of organization from smallest to largest (10)

A

subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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28
Q

noninvasive

A

no or limited cutting

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29
Q

use of high frequency sound wave, relatively quick and inexpensive

A

Ultrasoundography

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30
Q

ultrasoundography

A

use of high frequency sound wave, relatively quick and inexpensive

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31
Q

requires injection of dye, produces computerized images from different angels

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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32
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

requires injection of dye, produces computerized images from different angels

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33
Q

use computers and rotating x-ray machines, used to diagnose disease and evaluate injuries

A

computerized axial tomography scan (CT CAT)

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34
Q

computerized axial tomography scan (CT CAT)

A

use computers and rotating x-ray machines, used to diagnose disease and evaluate injuries

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35
Q

Characteristics of life (10)

A

movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion

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36
Q

assimilation

A

changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms

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37
Q

requirements of organisms (5)

A

heat, water, food, oxygen, pressure

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38
Q

water

A

most abundant substance in the body, required for metabolic processes, required for transport of substances, regulates body temperature

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39
Q

most abundant substance in the body, required for metabolic processes, required for transport of substances, regulates body temperature

A

water

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40
Q

food

A

provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials (minerals and vitamins)

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41
Q

provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials (minerals and vitamins)

A

food

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42
Q

what percentage of the human body is water

A

70%-75%

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43
Q

oxygen

A

one-fifth of air (20%-21%), used to release energy from nutrients

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44
Q

one-fifth of air (20%-21%), used to release energy from nutrients

A

oxygen

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45
Q

heat

A

form of energy (produced from the friction in chemical reactions), partly controls rate of metabolic rates

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46
Q

form of energy (produced from the friction in chemical reactions), partly controls rate of metabolic rates

A

heat

47
Q

pressure

A

application of force on an object, atmospheric pressure - important for breathing, hydrostatic pressure (hydration) - keeps blood flowing

48
Q

application of force on an object, atmospheric pressure - important for breathing, hydrostatic pressure (hydration) - keeps blood flowing

A

pressure

49
Q

body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

50
Q

function of homeostasis mechanisms

A

monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct any changes

51
Q

things monitored by homeostasis

A

temperature, pressure, Ph, minerals, vitamins

52
Q

homeostasis receptors

A

provide information about stimuli

53
Q

homeostasis control center

A

tells what a particular value should be

54
Q

homeostasis effectors

A

elicit responses that change conditions in the internal environment

55
Q

visceral layer

A

covers an organ

56
Q

parietal layer

A

lines a cavity or a body wall

57
Q

thoracic membranes

A

visceral pleura, parietal pleura, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium

58
Q

abdominopelvic membranes

A

visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum

59
Q

11 organ systems

A

Nervous, reproductive, respiratory, digestive, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, integumentary, endocrine, urinary, lymphatic

60
Q

further up on the body vs further down on the body

A

superior vs inferior

61
Q

synonym for superior

A

cranial, rostral

62
Q

synonym for inferior

A

caudal

63
Q

structure being more in front of or behind another

A

anterior, posterior

64
Q

anterior synonym

A

ventral

65
Q

posterior synonym

A

dorsal

66
Q

a structure that is closer or further from the middle of the body

A

medial, lateral

67
Q

structure being closer or further from the point of attachment

A

proximal, distal

68
Q

a structure closer or further from the surface of the body

A

superficial, deep

69
Q

on the same or opposite side of the body

A

ipsilateral, contralateral

70
Q

plane that splits the body vertically down the middle

A

median, midsagittal

71
Q

plane that splits the body vertically (not halves)

A

sagittal

72
Q

plane parallel or adjacent to the sagittal plane

A

parasagittal

73
Q

plane that splits the body horizontally into upper and lower halves

A

transverse, horizontal, cross section

74
Q

plane that splits the body into front and back

A

coronal, frontal

75
Q

a plane that is neither horizontal nor vertical

A

oblique

76
Q

any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane (vertical)

A

longitudinal

77
Q

horizontal cut of a cylinder

A

cross section

78
Q

diagonal cut of a cylinder

A

oblique

79
Q

vertical cut of a cylinder

A

longitudinal

80
Q

upper middle abdominal region

A

epigastric (liver and stomach)

81
Q

upper left abdominal region

A

left hypochondriac region (ribs, liver)

82
Q

upper right abdominal region

A

right hypochondriac region (ribs, liver)

83
Q

center abdominal region

A

umbilical region (small intestine)

84
Q

left of the umbilical region

A

left lumbar region (kidney, small, and large intestine)

85
Q

right of the umbilical region

A

right lumbar region (small and large intestine)

86
Q

lower middle abdominal region

A

hypogastric region (small intestine, bladder)

87
Q

lower right abdominal region

A

right iliac region (small and large intestine, hip bone)

88
Q

lower left abdominal region

A

left iliac region (small and large intestine, hip bone)

89
Q

branch of medical science dealing with the heart and heart diseases

A

cardiology

90
Q

study of the structure, function, and abnormalities of cells. Subdivision of microscopic anatomy.

A

cytology

91
Q

study of hormones, hormone secreting glands, and their disease

A

endocrinology

92
Q

study of the factors determining the distribution and frequency of health related conditions in a defined human population

A

epidemiology

93
Q

study of the stomach and the intestines and their diseases

A

gastroenterology

94
Q

branch of medicine dealing with older people and their medical problems

A

geriatrics

95
Q

study of the aging process

A

gerontology

96
Q

study of the female reproductive system and its diseases

A

gynecology

97
Q

study of the blood and blood diseases

A

hematology

98
Q

study of the structure and function of tissues. subdivision of microscopic anatomy

A

histology

99
Q

study of the body’s resistance to infectious disease

A

immunology

100
Q

study of newborns and the treatment of their disorders

A

neonatology

101
Q

study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys

A

nephrology

102
Q

study of the nervous system and its disorders

A

neurology

103
Q

branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth

A

obstetrics

104
Q

study of the eye and eye disease

A

ophthalmology

105
Q

branch of medicine dealing with the muscular and skeletal systems and their problems

A

orthopedics

106
Q

study of the ear, throat, and larynx, and their diseases

A

otolaryngology

107
Q

study of the structural and functional changes that disease causes

A

pathology

108
Q

branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases

A

pediatrics

109
Q

study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of diseases

A

pharmacology

110
Q

study of the care and treatment of feet

A

podiatry

111
Q

branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders

A

psychiatry

112
Q

study of x-rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

A

radiology

113
Q

study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts

A

toxicology

114
Q

branch of medicine dealing with the urinary system, apart from the kidneys (nephrology) and the male reproductive system, and their diseases

A

urology

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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