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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How are bones classified and what are the 5 categories?

A

classified by shape: short, long, flat, irregular, round

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2
Q

example of a short bone

A

tarsals and carpals

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3
Q

example of a long bone

A

femur, radiu, ulna

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4
Q

example of flat bone

A

ribs, scapula

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5
Q

example of irregular bone

A

vertebrae

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6
Q

example of round bone

A

patella

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7
Q

bony projections that provide sites of attachment for ligaments and tendons

A

processes

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8
Q

dent or superficial hole in a bone that provides stability with an adjacent articulating bone

A

depression

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9
Q

expanded portion at the ends of a bone

A

epiphysis

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10
Q

the epiphysis closest to the trunk

A

proximal epiphysis

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11
Q

the epiphysis furthest from the trunk

A

distal epiphysis

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12
Q

Outer surface of the epiphysis is covered in what?

A

articular cartilage

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13
Q

shaft between the epiphyses

A

diaphysis

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14
Q

A tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue that completely encloses the diaphysis

A

periosteum

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15
Q

the wall of the diaphysis is mainly composed of tightly packed tissue called what?

A

compact of cortical bone

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16
Q

the epiphyses are composed largely of branching boney plates. This material is called what?

A

spongy bone

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17
Q

what are the bony plates in spongy bone called

A

trabeculae

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18
Q

the hollow chamber in a semirigid tube in the diaphysis of a long bone

A

medullary cavity

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19
Q

a thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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20
Q

a soft connective tissue that fills the medullary cavity

A

marrow

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21
Q

acetabul-

A

vinegar cup

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22
Q

ax-

A

axis

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23
Q

-blast

A

bud

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24
Q

carp-

A

wrist

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25
Q

-clast

A

break

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26
Q

chondyl-

A

knob

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27
Q

corac-

A

a crow’s beak

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28
Q

cribr-

A

sieve

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29
Q

crist-

A

crest

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30
Q

fov-

A

pit

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31
Q

glen-

A

joint socket

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32
Q

inter-

A

among, between

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33
Q

intra-

A

inside

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34
Q

meat-

A

passage

35
Q

odont-

A

tooth

36
Q

poie-

A

make, produce

37
Q

an incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone

A

greenstick fracture

38
Q

an incomplete longitudinal break

A

fissured fracture

39
Q

a complete and fragmented break

A

comminuted fracture

40
Q

a complete fracture that occurs at ta right angle to the axis of the bone

A

transverse fracture

41
Q

a fracture that occurs at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone

A

oblique fracture

42
Q

a fracture caused by excessive twisting of a bone

A

spiral fracture

43
Q

bending at a joint to decrease the angle of the parts

A

flexion

44
Q

bending at a joint to increase the angle of the parts

A

extension

45
Q

bring the foot towards the shin (walking on heels)

A

dorsiflexion

46
Q

takes the foot away from the shin (walking/standing on toes)

A

plantar flexion

47
Q

extension of parts at a joint beyond normal

A

hyperextension

48
Q

at a joint, move a part away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

49
Q

at a joint, move a part towards the midline of the body

A

adduction

50
Q

moving a part on an axis

A

rotation

51
Q

moving a part so its end forms a circular path

A

circumduction

52
Q

palm downward or facing posteriorly in anatomical position

A

pronation

53
Q

palm upward, or facing anteriorly in anatomical position

A

supination

54
Q

turning foot so the plantar surface faces medially

A

inversion

55
Q

to raise a part towards a superior direction

A

elevation

56
Q

to lower a part towards an inferior position

A

depression

57
Q

movement of a part in the posterior direction

A

retraction

58
Q

movement of a part in the anterior direction

A

protraction

59
Q

a joint where movement in all directions is permitted

A

ball and socket

60
Q

example of ball and socket

A

shoulder

61
Q

joint that permits movement in one plane

A

hinge

62
Q

example of a hinge joint

A

elbow, ankle

63
Q

joint that has two concave articulating surfaces, permits all motions but rotation

A

saddle joint

64
Q

saddle joint example

A

base of thumb

65
Q

a reduced ball and socket configuration, significant rotation is excluded

A

ellipsoid

66
Q

ellipsoid joint example

A

knee, wrist

67
Q

a ring of bone around a peg

A

pivot joint

68
Q

pivot joint example

A

head-neck

69
Q

flat, articulation surfaces that pass over one another

A

gliding joint

70
Q

gliding joint example

A

moving shoulder forward and back, facet joints of the vertebrae

71
Q

bone mineral density, bone mass, and bone strength decrease

A

osteoporosis

72
Q

chronic disorder that causes bones to grow larger and become weaker than normal

A

Paget disease

73
Q

inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone as a result of injury

A

osteomyelitis

74
Q

genetic disorder that prevents the body from building strong bones

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

75
Q

disrupted blood flow to part of the bone - results in death of bone tissue

A

osteonecrosis

76
Q

abnormal growth of cells within a bone

A

bone tumor

77
Q

bones become soft and weak leading to deformities in children

A

rickets

78
Q

bones become soft and weak leading to deformities in adults

A

osteomalacia

79
Q

hereditary condition, growth of long bones is restricted by the ossification of cartilage, very short limbs, small face in relation to skull

A

achondroplasia

80
Q

too much growth of bony tissue

A

hyperostosis

81
Q

abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone

A

acromegaly

82
Q

sideways curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

83
Q

an opening, hole, or passage in a bone

A

foramen

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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