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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues Test #1 > Flashcards

Tissues Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

adip-

A

fat

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2
Q

adip- word example

A

adipose

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3
Q

chondr-

A

cartilage

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4
Q

chronr- word example

A

chondrocyte

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5
Q

-cyt

A

cell

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6
Q

-cyt word example

A

osteocyte

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7
Q

epi-

A

upon

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8
Q

epi- word example

A

epithelial

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9
Q

-glia

A

glue

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10
Q

-glia word example

A

neuroglia

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11
Q

inter-

A

between

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12
Q

inter- word example

A

intercalated

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13
Q

macr-

A

large

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14
Q

macr- word example

A

macrophage

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15
Q

os-

A

bone

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16
Q

os- word example

A

osseous

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17
Q

pseud-

A

false

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18
Q

pseud- word example

A

pseudostratified

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19
Q

squam-

A

scale

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20
Q

squam- word example

A

squamous

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21
Q

strat-

A

layer

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22
Q

strat- word example

A

stratified

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23
Q

four major tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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24
Q

11 general characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

covers organs and body, lines body cavities, lines hollow organs, have a free surface, have basement membrane, avascular, cells readily divide, cells tightly packed, cells often desmosomes, function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, classified according to shape and number of layers

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25
Q

basement membrane

A

nonliving, underside of tissue that anchors to connective tissues

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26
Q

Avascular

A

no vessels

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27
Q

desmosomes

A

intercellular junctions between cells made of specialized adhesive protein complexes

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28
Q

Which tissue type has a single layer of thin, flattened cells?

A

single squamous epithelium

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29
Q

simple means…

A

one layer

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30
Q

squamous and cuboidal refer to the…

A

shape

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31
Q

Which tissue type has broad and thin nuclei

A

simple squamous epithelium

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32
Q

Which tissue type can nutrients pass easily through, it is found at sites of diffusion and filtration

A

single squamous epithelium

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33
Q

locations of single squamous epithelium (4)

A

alveoli of lungs, capillary walls, blood and lymph vessels, cover membranes that line body cavities

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34
Q

Which tissue type can be damaged easily because it is thin and delicate?

A

single squamous epithelium

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35
Q

Which tissue type has a single layer of cube shaped cells

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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36
Q

Which tissue type has centrally located, spherical nuclei?

A

simple cuboidal

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37
Q

functions of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion in glands and secretion and absorption in kidneys

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38
Q

locations of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

covers ovaries, lines most of kidney tubules, ducts of certain glands

39
Q

Which tissue type has elongated cells and nuclei(longer than they are wide)?

A

simple columnar epithelium

40
Q

Which tissue type has ciliated or noncilitated cells, located near the basement membrane?

A

simple columnar epithelium

41
Q

ciliated vs non ciliated cells

A

ciliated cells have cilia to aid in movement, non ciliated cells lack cilia and goblet cells

42
Q

Where are ciliated simple columnar epithelium located?

A

uterine tubes - helps move cell to uterus

43
Q

Where are non ciliated simple columnar epithelium located?

A

line uterus and portions of digestive tract, stomach, and small and large intestines

44
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

protect underlying tissues, secrete digestive fluids, absorb nutrients from digested food

45
Q

term for specialized flask shaped glandular cells scattered among columnar cells

A

goblet cells

46
Q

function of goblet cells

A

secrete protective mucus onto free surface of tissue

47
Q

Which tissue type has one layer with nuclei at different levels with the layer of cells?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

48
Q

Which tissue type has all cells attached to a basement membrane, but may not all reach the free surface

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

49
Q

Which tissue type commonly has cilia and goblet cells?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

50
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Line passages of the respiratory system and trap dust and microorganisms from the air in sticky mucus. The cilia move the mucus up and out of the airway.

51
Q

Which tissue type has many layers, has cells that divide in deeper layers, pushing the new ones up, and forms the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

epidermis

A

skin

53
Q

Keratinization process and its effects

A

Aged cells accumulate keratin, harden, and then die. This process produces a dry, tough protective layer that prevents water and other substances from escaping. It also blocks various substances and microorganisms from entering.

54
Q

Where in the body does stratified squamous epithelium not keratinize?

A

oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, anal canal

55
Q

Which tissue type has two or three layers that form the lining of the lumen?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

56
Q

What is the purpose of multiple layers?

A

more protection

57
Q

locations of the stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

lines larger ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas, lining of developing ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules

58
Q

Which tissue type has several layers of cells, the superficial layers are columnar and the basement layers are cuboidal?

A

stratified columnar epithelium

59
Q

Where are stratified columnar epithelium located?

A

male urethra and ductus deferens, parts of the pharynx

60
Q

Which tissue type is specialized to change in response to increase tension?

A

Transitional Epithelium

61
Q

Why is transitional epithelium important?

A

allows organs to be stretchable - prevents contents of the urinary tracts from diffusing back into the internal environment

62
Q

locations of transitional epithelium

A

inner lining of urinary bladder, lines ureters and superior urethra

63
Q

Which tissue type is composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids?

A

Glandular epithelium

64
Q

Where is Glandular epithelium located

A

found in columnar or cuboidal epithelium and has a gland

65
Q

difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

A

endocrine secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood, exocrine secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces

66
Q

Where are exocrine glands found

A

skin and lining of digestive tract

67
Q

What are the three types of exocrine glands?

A

Merocrine, Apocrine and Holocrine

67
Q

Most exocrine glands are what type?

A

Merocrine

67
Q

What type of exocrine gland has a fluid product released through a cell membrane by exocytosis?

A

Merocrine

67
Q

Where are merocrine glands located

A

salivary glands, pancreatic glands, and sweat glands of the skin

68
Q

Where are apocrine glands found and how do they work?

A

found in mammary glands and ceruminous glands(inner lining of ear), work by the free ends of the cell and the product pinching off during secretion

69
Q

Which type of exocrine gland desinigrates entirely to release the secretory products with?

A

Holocrine Glands

70
Q

Example of a holocrine gland

A

sebaceous (oil) glands of the skin

71
Q

What two substances can be secreted by exocrine glands

A

serous fluid and mucus

72
Q

What is serous fluid composed of?

A

water and a high concentration of enzymes

73
Q

what is the function of serous fluid?

A

lubricate

74
Q

Where is serous fluid found?

A

visceral and parietal membranes of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

75
Q

This substance is thicker and richer in glycoproteins than serous fluid.

A

mucus

76
Q

What secretes mucus and where are they found?

A

Goblet and Mucous cells secrete mucus that is found in the inner linings of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems.

77
Q

what are the 8 functions of connective tissues?

A

bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as framework, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, help repair tissue damage.

78
Q

How do the cells of connective and epithelia tissue compare?

A

cells are farther apart in connective than epithelial.

79
Q

Which of the four main tissue types has an extracellular matrix made of protein and a ground substance consiting of nonfibrous proteins-consistency varies from fluid to semisolid to solid

A

connective tissues

80
Q

describe the vascularity of connective tissues

A

varies, most are well nourished

81
Q

describe the flexibility of connective tissue

A

bone and cartilage are rigid, but loose and dense connective tissues are more flexibile

82
Q

difference between fixed and wandering cells

A

fixed cells reside in the tissue for an extended period of time, wandering cells move through in response to injury or infection

83
Q

example(s) of fixed cells

A

fibroblasts, mast cells

84
Q

example(s) of wandering cells

A

macrophages

85
Q

most common type of fixed cell, large, star shaped, produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

A

fibroblasts

86
Q

Which type of cell has large and widely distributed, usually near blood vessels, released heparin and histamine

A

Mast cell

87
Q

What does heparin do?

A

prevents blood from clotting

88
Q

What does histamine do?

A

promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies

89
Q

What cell type is also called histocytes of WBC, is almost as numerous as fibroblasts, and does phagocytosis to clear foreign particles from tissues?

A

Macrophages

90
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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