Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

ax-

A

axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dendr-

A

tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

funi-

A

small cord or fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gangli-

A

a swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-lemm

A

rind or peel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

meaning-

A

membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

moto-

A

moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

peri-

A

around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

plex-

A

interweaving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sens-

A

feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ventr-

A

belly or stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

syn-

A

together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name for nerve cells

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nervous tissue, neuroglial cells provide what three functions?

A

physical support, insulation, nutrients for neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 major branches of the nervous system

A

Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

components of the CNS

A

brain, Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

components of the PNS

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The PNS (motor division) divides into what?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The sensory division of the PNS picks up information internally and externally such as…

A

internally - temperature and oxygen levels
externally- light and sound intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Sensory division delivers via ____ to the ____

A

PNS, CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sensory information can create what with the Integrative Function?

A

sensations, memory, thoughts, decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens after sensory information is integrated?

A

use motor functions to act on them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

first two steps needed for a motor function

A

a decision to act, and them an impulse carried to an effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are effectors?

A

things like muscles and glands that can elicit a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are effectors controlled by?

A

nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This branch of the PNS carries information to voluntary effectors such as skeletal muscles.

A

somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This branch of the PNS carries information to involuntary effectors such as smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

A

Autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Location and function of Microglia cells

A

CNS, phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris, form scars in damaged areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Location and function of Oligodendrocytes

A

CNS, provide insulating layers of myelin called a myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Location and function of Astrocytes

A

found between neurons and blood vessels, provide structural support, join parts by their cellular processes, help regulate nutrient and ion concentrations, form scar tissue to CNS injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Location and function of ependymal cells

A

form the epithelial like membrane lining of ventricle in brain and central canal of spinal cord (CNS), blocks substances from entering the brain (blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Location and function of Schwann Cells

A

PNS, produce myelin sheath around axons of myelinated neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

3 basic components of the neuron

A

cell body, axon, dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what part of the neuron contains the nucleus

A

cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What part of a neuron receives messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

examples of other organelles in a neuron

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi, nucleus, nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

a network of fine threads

A

neurofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

similar to the rough ER of other cells (Nissl bodies)

A

Chromatophilic Substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

neuron’s main receptor source, it is short, highly branched

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

where do axons arise from

A

cone shaped thickening called axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

components of an axon

A

many mitochondria, microtubules and neurofibrils, side branches called collaterals

43
Q

this component may branch into many fine extensions to connect to receptive surfaces of other cells

A

axon

44
Q

What are the larger axons of the PNS enclosed in

A

a myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells

45
Q

what surrounds the myelin sheath

A

neurilema (neurilemmal sheath)

46
Q

what are the gaps between the Schwann Cells?

A

nodes of Ranvier

47
Q

what is the white matter in the CNS

A

myelinated axon sheaths

48
Q

what is the gray matter in the CNS

A

unmyelinated axon sheaths

49
Q

which branch of the nervous system can regenerate

A

PNS

50
Q

What does the PNS have that allow it to regenerate?

A

neurilemma

51
Q

instead of neurilemma, the CNS has ____

A

oligodendrocytes

52
Q

explain the exception of the rule : the CNS cannot regenerate

A

the Brain has some neural stem cells that can rise to new neurons or neuroglia. This is found in the hippocampus near the brain’s ventricles

53
Q

Which classification of neurons meets the following description: many processes: an axon, many dendrites, found in brain and spinal cord

A

multipolar neurons

54
Q

Which classification of neurons meets the following description: 2 processes: an axon, a dendrite, found in specialized parts of the eyes, nose and ears

A

bipolar neurons

55
Q

Which classification of neurons meets the following description: single process, an axon, a peripheral process associated with dendrites from a peripheral body part, central process enters the brain or spinal cord

A

unipolar neurons

56
Q

conducting inwards

A

afferent

57
Q

conducting outwards

A

efferent

58
Q

this type of neuron is afferent, and carries information into the CNS

A

sensory neurons

59
Q

this type of neuron is internuncial, transmits from one part of the brain or spinal cord to another, or to motor neurons, and some aggregate in specialized masses of nervous tissue called nuclei within the CNS

A

Interneurons

60
Q

this type of neuron is efferent, multipolar, and transmits impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors

A

motor neurons

61
Q

when a neurotransmitter is excitatory it turns a process ____

A

on

62
Q

when a neurotransmitter is inhibitory is turns a process _____

A

off

63
Q

the surface or a non-stimulated or resting cell is ____

A

electrically charged or polarized

64
Q

the polarization of a neuron and the return to resting state (rapid sequence of changes)

A

action potential

65
Q

there are more _____ ions inside the cell

A

potassium

66
Q

there are more ____ ions outside the cell

A

sodium

67
Q

the ____ ions pass more easily through the cell membrane

A

potassium

68
Q

____ ions are a major contributor to membrane polarization

A

potassium

69
Q

when the inside of the membrane is negative relative to the outside

A

resting potential

70
Q

when the inside of membrane becomes less negative when compared to the outside

A

depolarization

71
Q

when the gated protein channels open what diffuses into the cell?

A

sodium ions

72
Q

as the sodium ions diffuse in ____ diffuses out

A

potassium

73
Q

during the diffusion of sodium and potassium ions the membrane potential may become overly _____ (hyperpolarization) but will quickly return to normal (repolarization)

A

negative

74
Q

______ axons conduct impulses along their entire length

A

unmyelinated

75
Q

what prevents the jump of an impulse of node to node of Ranvier between Schwann cells

A

myelin sheath

76
Q

what allows an impulse to travel through a nerve faster

A

myelin sheath

77
Q

the speed of a nerve impulse is proportional to what

A

diameter of the axon

78
Q

the greater the diameter of the axon the ____ the impulse

A

faster

79
Q

if neuron respond at all they respond _____

A

completely

80
Q

the brief rest periods between action potentials that limits their frequency and sensures they are going in the same direction

A

refractory periods

81
Q

range of impulse frequency

A

100 - 700 impulses a second

82
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters ______ postsynaptic membrane permeability to sodium ions, and brings the postsynaptic membrane _____ to threshold to trigger a nerve impulse

A

increase, closer

83
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters are _____ likely to reach threshold

A

less

84
Q

How many different neurotransmitters can a neuron release?

A

1-3

85
Q

Where are neurotransmitters synthesized?

A

cytoplasm of synaptic knobs

86
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

A

synaptic vesicles

87
Q

Acetylcholine location and function

A

CNS - skeletal
PNS - excite or inhibit depending on receptors

88
Q

Norepinephrine location and function

A

CNS - sense of feeling good
PNS - excite or inhibit depending on receptors

89
Q

Dopamine location and function

A

CNS - sense of feeling good, deficiency linked to Parkinson’s disease
PNS - excite or inhibit autonomic NS

90
Q

Serotonin location and function

A

CNS - primarily inhibitory; sleepiness; blocked by LSD

91
Q

Histamine location and function

A

CNS released in hypothalamus; promotes alertness

92
Q

Amino acids: GABA and Glutamic acid location and function

A

CNS - both excitatory and inhibitory (neuropeptides)

93
Q

Substance P location and function

A

PNS - excitatory ; pain perception

94
Q

Endorphins/Enkephalins location and function

A

CNS - inhibitory to substance P

95
Q

Nitric Oxide location and function

A

PNS - vasodilation (widening of blood vessels)

96
Q

describe the process of a neurotransmitter being released in 5 steps

A

(1) action potential reaches synaptic knob (2) Synaptic knob becomes more permeable to calcium ions and calcium channels open (3) calcium ions diffuse into the cell (4) some synaptic vesicles fuse to membrane and release contents into synaptic cleft (5) some neurotransmitters are decomposed by enzymes, others are recycled back to the synaptic knob

97
Q

groups of neurons that work together to preform a common function

A

neuronal pools

98
Q

Where do the neurons in a pool receive input to generate an output

A

its pool or other pools

99
Q

What does to excitatory or inhibitory response from a pool affect

A

other pools or peripheral effectors

100
Q

When the net effect is excitatory and the neuron is more excitable to incoming stimulation than before

A

facilitation

101
Q

When a single neuron of a neuronal pool receives impulses from two or more incoming axons

A

convergence

102
Q

effect of convergence

A

additive, reaches threshold, can evoke a response

103
Q

When an impulse leaving a neuron or neuronal pool passes into several other neurons and so forth

A

divergence

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions