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BB LRGPHOR Ch13 - Rabbit Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the most common bacterial pathogen of laboratory rabbits?
A

Pasteurella multocida

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2
Q
  1. True or False: Pasteurellosis in rabbits usually begins in the nasal cavity following a carrier state, then spreads to other parts of the respiratory system by direct extension.
A

True

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3
Q
  1. Transmission of Pasteurella multocida usually occurs by the __________ route.
A

oral or respiratory

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4
Q
  1. The most common clinical manifestation of rabbit pasteurellosis is:
A

“snuffles” (rhinitis)

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5
Q
  1. True or False: Animals with negative nasal cultures can be accepted as Pasteurella-free.
A

False-is prudent to perform 3 sequential cultures before accepting an animals as Pasteurella-free because approximately 30%jof infected animals may not be detected by a single culture.

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6
Q

What has been suggested as the drug of choice for treatment of Pasteurella-associated rhinitis or conjunctivitis, since there is a high rate of response when the drug is administered.

A

enrofloxacin

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7
Q
  1. The term enterotoxemia is used to refer to enteropathy caused by toxigenic micro-organisms of the genus _________.
A

Clostridium

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8
Q
  1. What group of rabbits is most susceptible to Clostridium enterotoxemia?
A

recently weaned rabbits

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9
Q
  1. What is the most characteristic gross finding of Clostridium enterotoxemia?
A

Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on the serosal surface of the cecum

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10
Q
  1. _______ is the causative agent of Tyzzer’s disease.
A

Clostridium piliforme

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11
Q
  1. Which animal can be housed with rabbits to identify carriers of Clostridium piliforme?
A

Gerbils-are particularly susceptible to Clostridium piliforme infections. Gerbils can be expected to develop histologically evident Tyzzer’s disease when exposed to spores in the feces.

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12
Q
  1. What is the causative agent of Pseudotuberculosis?
A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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13
Q
  1. The blue-green discoloration caused by ________ produced by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa organism.
A

pyocyanin

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14
Q
  1. Virulent strains of Staphlococcus aureus possess which gene that mediates production of the extracellular toxin?
A

enterotoxin gene cluster (egc)

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15
Q
  1. Which animal is considered to be the natural host for Chlamydophilia caviae?
A

guinea pig

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16
Q
  1. Which bacteria is the most common cause of mandibular & maxillary abscesses in rabbits?
A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

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17
Q
  1. True or False: Brucellosis is rare in domestic rabbits but common in wild lagomorphs, especially members of the genus Lepus.
A

True

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18
Q
  1. Which animal is used to isolate Franscisella tularensis by intraperitoneal injection of the agent?
A

guinea pig

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19
Q
  1. _______ is the only significant cause of tularemia in Europe whereas _________ or __________ subspecies can cause tularemia in North America.
A

F. holartica, F. tularensis, F. holartica

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20
Q
  1. Which animal(s) are thought to be the natural reservoir of Brucella suis?
A

Wild boars & Hares

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21
Q
  1. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli uses an outer membrane protein known as _______ to induce enterocyte effacement and promote intimate bacterial attachment to the host cell.
A

intimin

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22
Q
  1. A presumptive diagnosis of rabbit colibacillosis can be made by demonstration of __________ in intestinal epithelium.
A

bacterial attachment and effacement of intestinal epithelium

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23
Q
  1. True or False: Rabbits are an important reservoir of Tuberculosis.
A

True

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24
Q
  1. Which group of rabbit is most susceptible to Listeriosis?
A

pregnant females

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25
25. Which animal is the primary source of human exposure for Tularemia?
rabbits
26
27. The susceptibility of rabbits to staphylococci has made the rabbit an experimental model for which type of infections?
orthopedic & ophthalmic infections
27
28. _________ is the causative agent of Necrobacillosis or Schmorl’s disease in rabbits.
Fusobacterium necrophorum
28
29. Which disease in rabbits is characterized by inflammatory lesions of the genitalia?
Treponema paraluiscuniculi
29
31. _______ is the drug of choice for treatment of treponematosis in rabbits.
Penicillin
30
32. What are the characteristics of Pasteurella multocida
Gram-negative nonmotile coccobacillus. Historically of serogroup A
31
33. What are the characteristics of Clostridium piliforme
Gram-negative, spore-forming, motile, obligate intracellular rod shaped bacterium
32
34. Clinical signs of Tyzzer's disease
profuse watery to mucoid diarrhea
33
35. Tyzzer's disease is most commonly seen in what age rabbits?
3-8 weeks
34
36. Ernst Tyzzer first described Clostridium piliforme in what animal?
Japanese waltzing mouse
35
What is the mortality rate of rabbits clinically affected by C. piliforme?
90-95%
36
Common pathological lesions of Tyzzer's disease
Intestinal - mucosal necrosis, serosal edema of distal ileum, cecum, proximal colon Liver - white spots of focal necrosis Heart - white streaks
37
Diagnosis of C. piliforme
cannot be cultured in artificial media serology, IFA, PCR histological confirmation of organism at periphery of necrotic foci
38
Differential diagnoses for diarrhea in rabbits
C. piliforme, enterotoxemia, E. coli, Eimeria stiedae coronavirus, rotavirus
39
Differential diagnoses for white spots on the liver in rabbits
C. piliforme, Eimeria stiedae
40
Agents that cause enterotoxemia
Clostridium spiroforme (iota toxin) C. difficile (Toxin A, Toxin B, binary toxin) C. perfringens type E (uncommon); iota toxin
41
Characteristics of C. spiroforme
Gram-positive, spore-forming, helically coiled, semicircular, anaerobic bacteria
42
Clinical signs of C. spiroforme enterotoxemia
diarrhea, fecal soiling, cyanosis, peracute death
43
Epizoology of C. spiriforme infecction
acquired from envrronment, weanlings predisposed antibiotic dysbiosis
44
Pathogenesis of C. spiroforme infection
iota toxin binds to host cell receptor
45
Pathologic lesions associated with C. spiroforme infection
primarily in cecum - enlarged with gas, serosal hemorrhage, liquid, sometimes bloody contents mucosal necrosis with PMN infiltrates and edema in the lamina propria
46
Diagnosis of C. spiroforme
clostridial culture, iota toxin via assay, PCR
47
Treatment of enterotoxemia
serum neutralization of iota toxin (C. spiroforme, C. perfringens) transfaunation antibiotics diet change
48
Characteristics of Clostridium difficile
Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus
49
Clinical signs of C. difficile enterotoxemia
anorexia, depression, diarrhea, fecal-staining of the perineum, decreased fecal output, abdominal distention, and death
50
Epizoology of C. difficilie
nonclinical carrier animals antibiotic dysbiosis weanlings most susceptible newborn rabbits REISSTANT - no toxin receptors
51
pathogenesis of C. difficile
Toxin A - enterotoxin Toxin B - cytotoxin disrupt Rho-subtype intracellular signaling molecules that disrupts actin cytoskeleton Binary toxin produced in some strains - actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase
52
Pathology of C. difficile
fluid filled cecum and colon severe jejunal mucosal hemorrhage, necrosis, submucosal edema
53
diagnosis of C. difficile
Tissue culture cytotoxin assay for Toxin B - Gold Standard PCR
54
Differential diagnosis for peracute death in rabbits
Clostridium spp, enterohemmorhagic E. coli (EHEC)
55
Treatment of C. difficile
transfaunation, cholestyriamine for prevention
56
What are the pathotypes associated with E. coli
1. enteropathogenic (EPEC) 2. Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), aka, enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or verocytotoxin-producing (VTEC) 3. enterotoxigenic (ETEC) 4. enteroaggressive (EAEC) 5. enteroinvasive (EIEC) 6. diffusely adherent (DIEC)
57
what are the clinical syndromes associated with E. coli
enteric/diarrheal urinary tract sepsis/meningitis
58
Which E. coli pathotypes are associated with natural disease in rabbits?
EPEC STEC
59
Pathogenesis of E. coli infection in rabbitsq
EPEC - eae gene encodes for inimin, which induces attaching and effacing lesions in the intestine
60
Clinical signs of E. coli
bloody diarrhea and sudden death (EHEC O153)
61
Epizoology of E. coli
fecal-oral transmission coinfection of EHEC and EPEC
62
Pathology of E. coli
paintbrush hemorrhages of cecal serosa peticia/echymotic hemmorahage attaching and effacing lesions with pedestal formation nephropathy (EHEC)
63
Diagnosis of E. coli
culture on blood agar, MacConkey agar, selective media after broth enrichment PCR
64
Causative agent of rabbit syphilis
Treopnema paraluiscuniculi
65
Characteristics of Treponema paraluiscuniculi
spirochete, non-cultivable
66
Causative agent of human syphilis
Treponema pallidum
67
Causative agent of clinical syphilis in hares
Treponema paraluisleporis T. paraluiscuniculi causes seroconversion but no clinical disease
68
Pathology of rabbit syphilis
macules, papules, erosions, uclers, crusts
69
Clinical signs of rabbit syphilis
lesions on anal region, nose, eyelids, lips, ear, face, prepuce
70
Epizoology of rabbit syphilis
horizontal transmission in adult rabbits more common in adults than young tprK gene thought to code for virulence factors
71
Diagnosis of rabbit syphilis
serology microhemaggluination test PCR
72
Differential diagnoses for skin lesions on the lips, anus, eyelids
rabbit syphilis trauma mycotic infections acariasis
73
Treatment of rabbit syphilis
self limiting
74
Causative agent of proliferative enteropathy
Lawsonia intracellularis
75
Characteristics of Lawsonia intracellularis
Gram-negative, curved to spiral shaped, obligate intracellular bacterium
76
Clinical signs of proliferative enteropathy
watery, pasty, seimifluid diarrhea in young rabbits depression, anorexia
77
Epizootiology of proliferative enteropathy
isolated cases usually rabbits can serve as reservoir host
78
Pathogenesis of Lawsonia intracellularis
IFN-gamma limits intracellular infection and increased cellular proliferation Lawsonia surface antigen (LsaA) - attachment and entry into intestinal epithelial cells
79
Pathology of Lawsonia intracellularis
distension and diffuse mucosal thickening of jejunum and proximal ileum enlarged cranial mesenteric lymph nodes observation of bacilli using Toluidine blue in apical cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells proliferative lesions in the cecum, SR, small intestine
80
Diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis
isolation of 16S rRNA PCR
81
Differential diagnosis for proliferative enteropathy
Lawsonia (on warthin-Starry stain) mycobacterium avium (on acid fast staining)
82
Differential diagnoses for this presentation include all but which of the following a. Listeria monocytogenes b. Clostridium spirofome c. Encephalitozoon cuniculi d. Eimeria stiedae
b. Clostridium spirofome C. piliforme should be included as ddx however
83
Intestinal necrosis associated with what cause? a. coliform bacteria b. clostridial bacteria c. rotavirus d. mucoid enteropathy
b. clostridial bacteria
84
Intestinal lesion assoicated with what cause? a. coliform bacteria b. clostridial bacteria c. rotavirus d. lawsonia
a. coliform bacteria (E. coli causes villous atrophy) Closridia causes necrosis Rotavirous causes vacuolation of villous tips Lawsonia causes proloferative enteropathy
85
Idenifty the organism: a. Fusobacterium necrophorum b. Treponema cuniculi c. Encephalitozoon cuniculi d. Lawsonia spp.
a. Fusobacterium necrophorum
86
What disease is associated with this histopathology of the intestines? a. Proliferative enteropathy b. Enterotoxemia c. Myxyomatosis d. Mucoid enteropathy
d. Mucoid enteropathy
87
What organism is associated with this lesion (left is normal intestine, right is abnormal)? a. Clostridia spp. b. E. coli c. Rotavirus d. Lawsonia spp.
d. Lawsonia spp. - proliferative enteritis
88
Causative agent?
Pasteurella multocida
89
Associated organism
Treponema paraluiscuniculi
90
Treatment for this condition
self limiting
91
Causative agent of this condition
Pyocyanins produced by Pseudomonas arugenosa

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