Behavior For Block 9 Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
What are the 2 types of associative learning?
A
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
2
Q
What is classical conditioning?
A
Associations are made between natural (treat) and neutral (bell)
3
Q
What are the 2 main functions of classical conditioning (CC)
A
Adapt to environment
Avoid danger
4
Q
Classical conditioning is used for training ________ reflexes
A
Involuntary
5
Q
Anything that elicits or could elicit a response
A
Stimulus
6
Q
Any reaction to a stimulus
A
Response
7
Q
Causing no response
A
Neutral
8
Q
Learned or taught
A
Conditioned
9
Q
Innate, natural, reflexive, no learning required
A
Unconditioned
10
Q
Does not yet elicit a response
A
Neutral stimulus
11
Q
Elicits an innate response no previous training/learning
A
Unconditioned stimulus
12
Q
A previously neutral stimulus now causes a specific response after being paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus
A
Conditioned stimulus
(Ringing a bell with giving food)
13
Q
What is operant conditioning?
A
Occurs when an animal operates / performs a behavior
14
Q
What are the 4 categories of operant conditioning?
A
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
15
Q
Something is added (&)
A
Positive
16
Q
Something is removed (-)
A
Negative
17
Q
Increases the likelihood a behavior will be repeated
A
Reinforcement
18
Q
Decreases the likelihood a behavior will happen again
A
Punishment
19
Q
*You can cause positive reinforcement of undesired behaviors. i.e. petting a dog after it jumps on you
A
20
Q
Negative punishment = timeout
A
21
Q
What is ratio reinforcement schedule?
A
How many behaviors repetitions are performed before reward appears
22
Q
What is interval reinforcement scheduel?
A
How many times occurs before reward appears
23
Q
What is the most effective ratio (or interval) reinforcement schedule at maintaining a behavior?
A
Variable ratio (casino for example or text messages)
24
Q
How should you apply reinforcement schedules?
A
Used fixed schedule at first (treat every time)
Once learned, use variable schedule (every once in a while)
25
Define luring
Use treat to lure animal into desired position
26
Define capturing
Wait for behavior to be offered then reward
27
Define shaping
Reward each step taken towards the goal behavior
28
What would this be called: Normal puppy meets a nice group of men. Dog thinks all men are nice?
Generalization
29
What is the ability to respond differently to similar yet distinct stimuli (sounds of different cars)
Discrimination
30
Disappearance of a reward is not provided
Extinction
31
What is non-associative learning?
Process by which a response to a stimulus is attenuated or augmented by repeated or continual presentation
32
What are the 2 types of non-associative learning?
Habituation
Sensitization
33
What is habituation?
Occurs when an animal is repeatedly exposed to a stimulus but experiences no pain, fear, or injury
34
What is sensitization?
Increase in behavioral response that may result from repeated presentation of an eliciting stimuli
----Instead of habituating to the stimulus, the animal reacts more strongly with each presentation of the stimulus
35
How can you tell if an animal will because habitual or sensitive?
You cant predict
36
Reduction in a behavioral and emotional response by repeatedly presenting the stimulus at full strength
Flooding
37
Changing a negative event to a positive one with a positive stimulus
Counter-conditioning
38
When triaging a behavior issue, what are the 2 main categories?
Training/management issue
Abnormal behavior (aggression, separation anxiety, noise phobias, spraying)
39
What 2 things should you look for in a trained?
CPDT: Certified pet dog trainer
KPA: Karen Pryor Academy certified (better)
40
What cases should be referred to a specialist?
Human-directed aggression, aggression resulting in animal death
41
Who are specialists?
CAAB (Masters or PhD): Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist
DACVB: Veterinary Behaviorist
42
How long should you schedule behavior consults?
60 minutes
43
What is first step of behavior consult?
HISTORY
44
What is big question in behavior consult?
What triggers the behavior (what happens right before the behavior)
45
What are the 4 questions to describe the triggers?
Who is the target
When does it occur
Where does it occur
What happens
46
What is the dog's pheromone product?
Adaptil
47
Behavior training utilizing desensitization
Start at a baseline exposure to trigger at a level that does not induce a response, gradually increase over time
48
What is response substitution?
Doing a different activity when provoked to do another
(Sitting when a visitor arrives rather than jumping)
49
What is the correct term for separating anxiety?
Separation related disorder
50
***What is the concern about separation from preferred social companions
Separation distress
51
***What is teh concern about being alone?
Isolation distress
52
***What is the worry about being in a small area?
Confinement distress
53
What is the NUMBER 1 presenting problem to DACVBs?
Aggression
54
What is the NUMBER 2 presenting problem to DACVBs
Separation distress
55
What are 3 risk factors for separation distress?
Small
Male
Young
56
Are dogs that "shadow" people in the home more likely to have separation distress problems? (SRP)
NO!
57
What are 3 signs of separation distress?
Vocalization
Elimination
Destructive behavior
58
What does SRP stand for?
Separation related problem
59
What are signs of separation related problems
Escape behaviors
Hypersalivation
Self-injury
***Anorexia
60
What is a unique thing part of the minimum database for behavior issues?
Video recording
61
Other pets rarely help but can help
62
What is a good treatment for SRP?
Encourage independence
Create a safe environment
Exercise before leaving
63
Should you punish for undesirable behaviors when home alone?
NO!
64
Downplay departures (avoid keys, shoes, coat)
65
What are the 2 most important long lasting FDA approved psychoactive medications?
Reconcile (Prozac)
Clomicalm
66
How long do long-acting medications take to start?
4-8 weeks
67
What is an important contraindication for clomicalm?
Male breeding dogs - sperm motility
68
What type of mechanism does Prozac / reconcile work by?
SSRI
69
What is the most common side effect of fluoxetine (Prozac)
Decreased appetite
70
When should you utilize immediate-acting medications?
Before departure
71
What is a benzodiazepine?
Immediate-acting sedative
72
What is trazodone?
Seratonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor - SARI (quick acting SSRI)
73
What is clonidine?
Alpha-2 agonist
74
What is Sileo?
Alpha-2 agonist (immediate action)
75
What is acepromozine
Phenothiaze tranquilizer
Used in addition to another drug
76
How often do cats urinate/deficate?
Urinate 2-4x
Deficate 1-2x
77
What does FIE stand for
Feline inappropriate elimination
78
What is the most common feline behavioral problem reported to vets
FIE (feline inappropriate elimination)W
79
What is the main way to differentiate marking from urination?
Absence of digging/covering
80
What are the 3 aversions related to cat toileting?
Litter box aversion (dont like the box)
Substrate aversion (dont like the littler)
Location aversion (dont like the location)
81
Aversion as a result of pain - takes just one event, tend to go right next to the litter box, common when STOOLS are the only undesirable eliminations
82
What causes FIC?
Stress-induced inflammation of the bladder wall
83
What is first thing to do for diagnosis of undesirable elimination
Minimum database
84
Cats dont mark out of spite
85
What is most common neoplasia of the bladder?
Transitional cell carcinoma
86
What is minimum size of littler box?
Nose-tail x 1.5
87
What does Feliway classic do?
Deters urine marking
Encourages toileting
88
What are some avoidance behaviors?
Turning head, squinting, ducking head
89
What are some displacement behaviors?
Holding a leg up, yawing, lip lickingW
90
When does lunging/snapping/biting emerge?
Social maturity (2-4 years old)
91
What should always be your first avenue of diagnoses?
Medical diagnoses
92
Why should you not punish aggression?
May lead to biting without warning
93
What is an important poor prognostic indicator for aggression?
Aggression started prior to 1 year of age
94
What are top 2 ways to decrease anxiety in SRP cases?
Create safe environment
Decrease anxiety
95
Desensitization = continual exposure to stimulus
DS/CC
96
Counter-conditioning = associating negative stimulus with positive things
DS/CC
97
What is an ARB?
Abnormal repetitive behavior
98
What are ARBs linked to?
Barren environments and confinement
99
ARBs = normal behaviors that become repetitive and displayed out of context
100
Redirected Behavior = ?
Doing something to itself that it would naturally do
(calf suckling on naval)
101
Intention activity = ?
Activity similar to what it would want to do but cant
102
What is a source behavior?
Underlying normal behavior that becomes abnormal
103
What does Zylkene help with?
Anxiety disorders in dogs and cats (has not been shown to help much)
104
What does Anxitane help with?
Helps keep pets calm and relaxed
105
What is anxitame derived from?
Green-tea
106
What does Solliquin help with?
Thunder fear and anxiety
107
What does Composure help with?
Noice induced anxiety
108
What type of pheromone is Feliway Classic?
Cheek pheromone
109
What type of pheromone is Feliway multi-cat?
Maternal pheromone
110
Prescription diets: Royal canin CALM
Decreases fear behaviors and freezing in home space
111
Prescription diets: Hills c/d STRESS
112
Tryptophan supplementation decreases:
Stereotypies
Vocalization
Agonistic behaviors
House soiling
Scratching
113
Is there evidence for canabinoids for anxiety in companion animals?
No
114
What are the 4 categories of abnormal repetitive behaviors (ARBs)?
Medical
Motivational
Stress
Pathology
115
What is motivation in regards to ARBs?
The tendency or desire of an animal to perform a behavior
116
Horse cribbing is likely due to motivation due to lack of fields to graze
117
Does ARB bahviors make animals feel better?
Probably not but maybe
118
What is disinhibition?
When an animal takes longer to stop, or doesnt stop a task after the reward is removed
119
How do you treat medical ARBs?
Treat underlying condition
120
How do you treat motivational ARBs?
Provide appropriate outlets for motivated behaviors
121
How do you treat stress ARBs?
Identify and remove the source of stress
122
How do you treat pathology ARBs?
Try all of the above plus SSRIs
123
What happens if you simply stop cribbing with a mask?
Rebound cribbing where it gets worse!
124
What is the common ARB of carnivores?
Pacing
125
What is the common ARB of ungulates?
Oral behaviors
126
What is the common ARBs of rodents?
Gymnastics
127
A larger home range is well correlated with stereotype frequency
128
Gymnastics in mice thought to be driven by motivation to explore or escape/find shelter
129
What is cognitive dysfunction syndrome/
Increasing brain pathology and gradual cognitive decline
130
What are parts of brain histopathologies?
Amyloid beta plaques
Tau proteins
131
Cognitive dysfunction is 2nd highest VIN cases of behavior
132
What are predisposing factors for cognitive dysfunction syndrome?
BCS, physical activity, poor diet
133
What does DISHAA stand for?
D = disorientation
I = social isolation
S = sleep/cycles
H = housesoiling
A = anxiety
A = Activity
134
What is the most common presenting clinical sign of cognitive dysfunction sydrome?
Sleep Wake Cycle Changes
135
Vocalizations are very common in older cats!
136
What are the 3 pillars of every behavior case?
Physiology
Management
Training
137
What are the 3 important monoamines to know?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
138
Quick acting drugs have more _____ effect on average
Sedative
139
what are the affects of serotonin?
Mood regulation, eating, sleep, dreaming, arousal impulse control
140
What are the affects of dopamine?
Voluntary movement, attention, learning, reinforcement, planning, problem solving, appetite
141
What drugs are dopamine?
Acepromazine
MAOI / Anipryl
142
What are the 5 FDA-approved medications for dog behavior
Sileo (noise fear)
Clomicalm (separation anxiety)
Reconcile (separation anxiety)
Anipryl (canine cognitive dysfunction)
Pexion (noise aversion)
143
What is the single FDA approved medication for cat behavior?
Bonqat (anxiety)
144
What is the #1 side effect of trazdone
GI upset
145
What is Gaba used well for?
Chronic pain
146
What is the most common side effect of benzodiazepines?
Agitation adn aggression
147
*****AVOID ORAL BENZODIAZEPINES IN CAT
148
*****WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON SIDE EFFECT OF PROZAC/FLUEXETINE?
INAPPETENCE!!
149
What is the "bravery drug"
Buspar/buspirone
150
How do MAOI work?
They break down the enzyme that breaks down serotonin
151
