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Diseases and Diagnosis > Concurrent #2 > Flashcards

Concurrent #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 divisions of all bacteria?

A

Gram-positive
Gram-negative
Mycoplasma, Lack of cell wall

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2
Q

What is the bacterial naming scheme?

A

Genus species

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3
Q

What is a genus?

A

A well-defined group

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4
Q

What is a species?

A

Basic taxon of bacteria

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5
Q

What is within species?

A

Strain (derived from an initial single colony)

Subspecies

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6
Q

What is a biovar?

A

Within strain, special biochemical or physiological properties

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7
Q

What is a serovar?

A

Within strain, distinctive antigenic properties

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8
Q

What type of genotype do all bacteria have?

A

16S rRna

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9
Q

Are bacteria eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

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10
Q

What type or ribosomes do bacteria (prokaryotes) have?

A

70S

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11
Q

Do bacteria have cell wall containing peptidoglycan?

A

Some do, some dont

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12
Q

What are the strongest antibody responses targeted at?

A

Surface components

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13
Q

What are bacterial capsules and slimes made of?

A

Polysaccharides and polypeptides

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14
Q

How are bacterial capsules and slimes visualized?

A

Negative staining with India ink

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15
Q

What do bacterial capsules and slimes confer?

A

K antigen

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16
Q

What are the 3 roles of slimes and capsules in disease?

A

Inhibit phagocytosis
Help with adherence
Covers surface antigens

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17
Q

Are slimes and capsules needed for bacterial survival?

A

No!

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18
Q

What type of cell wall do Gram positive bacteria have?

A

Thick peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
Acid-fast organisms contain mycotic acid derivatives

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19
Q

What type of cell wall do Gram negative bacteria have?

A

Thin peptidoglycan
Outer membrane contains LPS and porins

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20
Q

What type of bacteria have LPS?

A

Gram negative

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21
Q

What are porins?

A

Channels where large molecules can go through

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22
Q

What is the order of bacterial resistance in the environment with cell walls?

A

acid fast > gram + > gram -

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23
Q

What are the 2 building blocks of peptidoglycan?

A

Disaccharide polymers
Peptides

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24
Q

What is the toxic component (endotoxin) of LPS?

A

lipid A

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25
What is the protein monomer of flagella?
Flagellin
26
What are the 3 parts of the flagella?
Filament, the hook, the basal body
27
What are the 3 roles of flagella in disease
Rapid motility Use H antigen (diagnoses) PAMPs for inflammation
28
What is the common pili called?
Fimbriae
29
What are the 2 types of pili?
Fimbriae Sex pili
30
What is the purpose of common pili?
Adherence
31
What are the purpose of sex pili?
Gene transfer (that hand reaching out thing)
32
What ribosomes are in the cytoplasm of bacteria?
70S (distinct from eukaryotic ribosomes)
33
What are the 2 types of spores?
Endospores Exospores
34
What is characteristic of endospores?
Spore coat Spore cortex
35
What does SASPs stand for?
spore acid-soluble protein
36
How many spores does one bacterium produce?
One spore
37
What is difficult about spores?
Resistant to killing
38
What is a chain of exospores
Conidia
39
Where are conidia produced?
End of chains of bacteria (hypha)
40
What are 2 anti-phagocytic factors?
Capsules Cell wall
41
What are 2 components to cell wall?
M protein Protein A
42
Which bacteria uses cytoplasmic membrane as an adherence factor?
Mycoplasmataceae
43
What are the 3 invasive factors for bacteria?
Skin, mucous membranes, meninges
44
What is the benefit to intracellular parasitism?
Avoid immune recognition and destruction. Avoid lysosomal enzyme action
45
What is facultative intracellular?
Can replicate inside or not
46
What action do listeria monocytogenes do to replicate intracellular?
Escape phagosomes to cytoplasm
47
What action does brucella, salmonella, and mycobacteria do to replicate intracellular?
Multiply in the membrane-bound inclusion of macrophages by inhibiting lysosomal fusion
48
What action does yersinia pestis do to replicate intracellular?
Multiply in phagolysosome
49
What are the 3 mechanisms of survival for intracellular parasitism?
Membrane lysis in cytosol Inhibition of acidification and lysosomal function in phagosome Resistance to lysosomal digestion is phagolysosome
50
What is an obligatory parasite?
Parasite that must replicate in intracellularly
51
What are the cytosolic obligatory intracellular bacteria?
Richettsia
52
What are the phagosome obligatory intracellular bacteria?
Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, neorickettsia, chlamydia
53
What are the phagolysosome obligatory intracellular bacteria?
Coxiella
54
What happens when gram - cells cross epithelial barrier?
Endotoxin (Lipid A of LPS) acts on macrophages, causing release of lots of inflammatory factors
55
What do hemolysis do?
Lyse erythrocytes
56
What does streptomycin O bind?
Cholesterol
57
What does leukotoxins do?
Kill and lyse phagocytic cells, leading to pus and abscess formation
58
What is protein syntheses inhibitors?
Inhibit polypeptide chain elongation
59
How is diphtheria toxin work?
Inactivated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EF2)
60
What are the 3 forms of enterotoxins: diarrhea?
Choleragen of Vibrio cholerae Heat-labile enterotoxin of E Coli Heat-stable enterotoxin of E Coli
61
What are the 2 forms of neurotoxins: paralysis?
Botulism toxins of C botulinum Tetanus toxins of C. tetani
62
Inhibit synthesis of folic acid
Sulfonamides
63
Inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan of cell wall
Penecillin, cephalosporins
64
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Bind to ribosome subunits
65
What bacteria are affected by inhibition of protein synthesis?
Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicols Erythromycin
66
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis
Quinolones Rifampin
67
Quinolone mechanism
Inhibit DNA gyrase
68
Rifampin mechanism
Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
69

Diseases and Diagnosis (25 decks)

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