Concurrent #2 Best Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 types of exotoxins
A
Hemolysin
Leukotoxins
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Enterotoxin
Neurotoxin
2
Q
What exotoxin is an A-B bipartite?
A
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Enterotoxin
Neurotoxin
3
Q
What is the endotoxin on LPS?
A
Lipid A
4
Q
What is the antigen of flagella?
A
H
5
Q
What is the antigen of LPS?
A
O
6
Q
What is the antigen of capsule?
A
K
7
Q
What does fragment A of protein synthesis exotoxin do?
A
Stops elongation factor of proteins
8
Q
What does fragment B of protein synthesis exotoxin do?
A
Binds receptor for intracellular delivery
9
Q
What type of parent organism has endotoxins?
A
Gram negative only
10
Q
What type of parent organism has exotoxins?
A
Gram negative or gram positive
11
Q
What does a superantigen do?
A
Causes large release of T cells and inflammation
12
Q
What did the type III secretion system evolve from?
A
Flagella
13
Q
What did the type IV secretion system evolve from?
A
Sex pili
14
Q
What is the cell wall made out of?
A
Peptidoglycan
15
Q
What acid does acid fast bacteria have?
A
Mycolic acid
16
Q
What are routes of antibiotic action?
A
Inhibit nucleic acid production
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit metabolite production
17
Q
Agents which increase mutation rate
A
Mutagens
18
Q
What are the 3 forms of gene transfer?
A
Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction
19
Q
Part of donor bacteria gives recipient bacteria a portion of DNA which is integrated into the genome
A
Transformation
20
Q
Plasmid transferred to recipient cell that is capable of autonomous replication
A
Conjugation
21
Q
Transfer of DNA through a bacterial virus
A
Transduction
22
Q
Inactivated phage genome which replicates synchronously with the host genome through repression
A
Lysogenic cycle
23
Q
Bacteria that requires less oxygen
A
Microaerophilic
24
Q
Bacteria that thrives in presence of CO2
A
Capnophilic
25
Utilize carbohydrates as carbon and energy source by fermentation or oxidative catabolism
Saccharolyitc
26
Utilize amino acids, organic acids, and alcohols because bacteria cannot use carbohydrates
Asaccharolytic
27
Usually found in upper airway, blood, and skin
Aerobes
28
Usually found sin deep wounds, intestine, and rumen
Anaerobes
29
Do anaerobes cause a lot of tissue degradation?
Do anaerobes cause a lot of inflammation?
Yes
NO!
30
Anaerobic bacteria producing a lot of ATP through a process that uses substrates other than oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
Anaerobic respiration
31
Non selective media
Blood agar media
32
Selective Media
MacConkey agar
Mannitol salt
33
Contains bile salt, most enteric bacteria grow
MacConkey agar
34
High salt, Staphylococci grow
Mannitol salt
35
What type of bacteria are acid-fast?
Mycobacterium
Mycolic acid
36
How is E. Coli and Salmonella differentiated?
Lactose utilization
37
How is streptococcus and staphylococcus differentiated?
Catalase reactions
38
Gram negative or positive to differentiate in catalase test?
Gram positive
39
Gram negative or positive to differentiate in oxidase test?
Gram negative
40
How is enterobacteriaceae and pasterellaceae differentiated?
Oxidase test
41
Unconventional method of bacterial diagnosis`
Bacterial DNA sequence analysis
42
Diagnostic tests for rickettsia and chlamydia
PCR, cell culture, cytology, serology
43
Limited multiplication in vivo thereby inducing immune response similar to natural infection. Genetically stable. Single dose of vaccine can induce lifelong immunity
Live attenuated vaccine
44
Bacteria are inactivated by using physical and/or chemical agents, maintaining its structure
Bacterins
45
Bacterins
Whole killed vaccine
46
Give an example of a whole killed vaccine (bacterin)
C chauvoei
47
Inactivated bacterial exotoxins
Toxoids
48
Give an example of a toxoid vaccine
C. tetani
49
What type of bacteria is clostridium?
Gram positive rod
50
What type of bacteria is bacillus?
Gram positive rod
51
What is bacillus anthracis?
Anthrax
52
What are the 3 virulence factors of bacillus anthracis?
Endospores
Capsule polypeptide
Anthrax toxin (A-B type)
53
What are the 3 factors of bacillus anthracis (anthrax)?
Factor I = edema factor
Factor II = delivery and protective
Factor III = lethal factor (digests MAPKK)
54
What are the most susceptible species to bacillus anthracis?
Cattle and sheep
55
Which bioterrorism level is anthrax?
Category A (highest)
56
What is clostridium botulinum?
Botulism
57
What are the 3 types of botulism?
Intoxication botulism
Wound botulism
Infant botulism
58
What type of environment does clostridium botulinum grow in?
Anaerobic environment
59
What is the most potent toxin know?
Clostridium botulinum
60
How does death occur with botulism?
Inhibits release of acetylcholine and stops breathing
61
What does C. botulinum digest to cause paralysis?
either VAMP, SNAP, or syntaxin
62
How is C. botulinum diagnosed?
Stool or serum injected into mice and look for signs
63
How is botulism treated?
Administration of antitoxins
64
What is clostridium perfringens also called?
Overeating disease (enterotoxemia), gas gangrene
65
What is clostridium difficile also called?
Ulcerative colitis
66
What type of infection does staphylococcus aureus cause?
Suppurative (pus) infection
67
What are the antiphagocytic factors of staphylococcus?
Polysaccharide capsule
Protein A
68
What are the 3 virulence factors of staphylococcus?
Antiphagocytic factors
Exotoxins
Extracellular enzymes
69
What type of exotoxins does staphylococcus produce?
Hemolysis
Leukotoxins
70
What additional toxins does staphylococcus aureus produce?
Superantigens
71
What extracellular enzymes are present in staph infections?
Hyaluronidase
Nucleases
Coagulase
72
Describe staphylococcus under laboratory diagnosis
Gram positive cocci in grape-like cluster. Facultative anaerobe, catalase positive
73
What are the virulence factors of strep
Antiphagocytic
Exotoxins
74
What exotoxins does strep produce?
Hemolysin
Hyaluronidase: spreading factor
75
What is S. equi?
Strangles
76
How does mycolic acid help with virulence factor
It forms walls off the immune system by forming granulomas
77
What is M. bovis?
Bovine tuberculosis
78
How is M. bovis tested?
tuberculin hypersensitivity test
79
What is mycobacterium?
Acid fast Gram positive slow growing
80
What are the 3 diseases in Infectious disease eradication program?
Bovine TB
Equine glanders
Bovine brucellosis
81
Is M. bovis gram positive or negative?
Gram positive
82
Are spirochetes Gram negative or positive?
negative
83
Where does Borrelia burgdorferi seek?
Immunologically privileged sites
84
How is lyme spread?
Deer ticks
85
What are the 2 types of leptospira?
L interrogans
L Biflexa
86
What does L interrogans cause?
Anemica, icterus, nephritis, abortion
87
Where is L interrogans found after 7 days?
Phase III in kidneys and shed in urine`
88
What is yersinia pestis also known as?
Plague (black death)
89
What type of bacteria is yersinia pestis?
Gram negative, facultative anaerobe
90
What are the two diseases of black death?
Pneumonic form
Bubonic form
91
What is the characteristic of the bubonic form?
Large and very tender lymph glands (bubo)
92
How is the plague transmitted?
Via fleas
93
What type of secretion does plague have?
Type III secretion system (flagella)
94
Is yersinia pestis facultative intracellular bacteria?
YES
95
What does yersinia pertis show up like in a stain?
Bipolar staining (safety pin)
96
What are the characteristics of Salmonella and E coli?
Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, diarrhea causing
97
Which strain of EColi doesn't cause bloody diarrhea and is not invasive?
Enterotoxigenic
98
What causes the enterohemorrhagic strain to cause bloody diarrhea?
Shiga toxin (protein inhibitor) and Type III secretion system
99
How can you differentiate E Coli from Salmonella with a test?
E coli is lactose - positive
100
What negative effect does E. Coli cause on cows?
E coli mastitis
101
What are the two types of salmonella disease?
Gastroenteritis
Enteric fever (typhoid fever)
102
How do you differentiate salmonella from E coli?
Salmonella is lactose - negative!
103
What is the reservoir for salmonella?
Asymptomatic carrier
104
Live on dead or decaying organic matter
Saprophyte
105
Live in or upon host in mutually beneficial manner
Symbionts
106
Live in or upon host without causing damage
Commensals
107
What virulence factor is unique about Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Biofilm
108
What are the characteristics of P aeruginosa?
Gram negative, oxidase positive
109
What is bovine orchitis?
Swelling of the testicals caused by B. abortus
110
What type of secretion system does Brucellosis abortus use?
Type IV secretion system (sex pili)
111
Are B. abortus carries for life?
YES
112
What are the field tests for brucellosis?
Antibody induced agglutination (milk ring test, card test)
113
What are the characteristics of fusobacterium?
Obligatory anaerobe, gram negative
114
What are the types of co infection with fusobacterium necrophorum?
Bovine rumenitis
Digital dermatitis (melaninogenicus)
Interdigital dermatitis (nodosus)
Bulbar necrosis (A. pyogenes)
Bovine diphtheria (H. somni)
115
Major host factor of fusobacterium
Oxygen insufficiency
116
What is the shape of fusobacterium?
Fusiform
117
What are the characteristics of mycoplasma?
Cell wall-less, obligatory aerobic
118
What are the pathognomonic lesions of mycoplasma?
Bronchiectasis
119
What clinical signs can mycoplasma infection show?
Respiratory
Arthritic
120
