Population Medicine Block 1

Question 1

How does the AVMA ACAW define animal welfare?

Answer 1

State of the animal

Question 2

What 3 things does animal welfare include according to AVMA ACAW?

Answer 2

Animal’s health
behavior
biological function

Question 3

What is the minimum standard of care, used by animal advocacy groups and retailers?

Answer 3

Five freedoms

Question 4

What is the international standard for animal welfare, used globally by professional organizations?

Answer 4

OIE

Question 5

What is the scientific framework for studying and measuring animal welfare, used by scientists and veterinarians?

Answer 5

Three circles

Question 6

What is a blend of the previous 3 frameworks?

Answer 6

5 domains

Question 7

What is the ONLY direct measurement of an animal’s welfare?

Answer 7

Animal-based measurements

Question 8

What is the indirect measurement of animals’ welfare?

Answer 8

Resource-based measurements

Question 9

What type of measurements can provide information about the risk factors for animal-based measurements?

Answer 9

Resource-based measures

Question 10

Does population welfare use individuals for measurement?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

How can you assess population welfare?

Answer 11

One Health and Ecosystem health

Question 12

What is One Health a balance between?

Answer 12

Human health
Animal health
Environmental health

Question 13

What is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus?

Answer 13

A stressor

Question 14

What is another term for a stressor?

Answer 14

Ecological disturbance

Question 15

What is One Welfare?

Answer 15

One Health + Cultural beliefs + socio-economic status + public perception

Question 16

What is how many times more likely it is that an outcome will occur in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group

Answer 16

Relative Risk

Question 17

What do you need to calculate Relative risk?

Answer 17

Incidence and prevalence

Question 18

What type of studies do you need for relative risk to be calculated?

Answer 18

Cohort studies
Clinical trials

Question 19

What are all existing cases in the population at risk?

Answer 19

Prevalence (all cases)

Question 20

What is the rate of new cases in the population at risk over a specific period of time?

Answer 20

Incidence (new cases)

Question 21

What does it mean if there is an RR of 2.04

Answer 21

There is 2.04 greater risk of disease in those reported to have been impacted than those who were not

Question 22

Does RR have units?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What are the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure?

Answer 23

Odds ratio

Question 24

What is needed for OR to be calculated?

Answer 24

Not incidence or population data

Question 25

What studies is OR calculated with?

Answer 25

Case control Logistic regression Cohort

Question 26

How are RR and OR different?

Answer 26

When incidence/prevalence are greater than 10% then OR will be much higher than RR

Question 27

What is maintaining the Earth's environmental quality, functionality, and services to meet the human needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations?

Answer 27

Sustainability

Question 28

What are the 3 legs to the stool + the seat?

Answer 28

Environmental Social Economical Seat: Sustainability

Question 29

What is addressing the root cause of issues?

Answer 29

Mitigation

Question 30

What is lowering the health consequences of climate/environmental changes?

Answer 30

Adaptation

Question 31

Do pet owners think climate change is important to their pet's health?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

What percentage of medical waste comes from the operating room?

Answer 32

1/3

Question 33

Where does waste go in the US

Answer 33

Landfill Incineration Recycling Composting

Question 34

What percentage of expected recyclables were misplaced contaminants?

Answer 34

1/3

Question 35

What are the 5Rs?

Answer 35

Rethink Reduce Reuse Recycle Research

Question 36

Whose mission statement is "responsibility to protect ecosystem health and demand action to minimize climate change"?

Answer 36

World veterinary association

Question 37

What are the types of disaster responses?

Answer 37

Natural Man Made

Question 38

What are the types of man made responses?

Answer 38

Accidental Intentional

Question 39

What is FEMA

Answer 39

Federal emergency management agency

Question 40

What were the regulations put in place after Katrina?

Answer 40

Expanded FEMA for all hazards Revised National Response Framework which used incident command system Required state and local government to develop, implement, and exercise emergency response plans

Question 41

What does ICS stand for?

Answer 41

Incident command system

Question 42

What are ICS five major management functions?

Answer 42

Incidence commander Operations Planning Logistics Finance

Question 43

What is diogenes syndrome

Answer 43

Compulsive hoarding of garbage

Question 44

What is animal hoarding?

Answer 44

Acquire more than the typical number of animals

Question 45

What should you avoid feeding in a refeeding program?

Answer 45

High carb (increases insulin)

Question 46

What is another thing you should avoid feeding in refeeding program?

Answer 46

Only meat (low in phosphorus)

Question 47

What is NAI?

Answer 47

Non-accidental injuries

Question 48

What will a high velocity bruise show?

Answer 48

Blood pushed around perimeter of site of impaction

Question 49

What is the tearing of tissue?

Answer 49

Laceration

Question 50

What causes a laceration?

Answer 50

Impact

Question 51

What is the rapid and efficient destruction of a complete population of animals in response to urgent circumstances with as much consideration given to the welfare of animals as practical?

Answer 51

Depopulation

Question 52

Who has statutory authority over depopulation?

Answer 52

SAHO

Question 53

Is ventilation shutdown a permitted method?

Answer 53

Under constrained circumstances

Question 54

What is blood splash?

Answer 54

Blood forming in major muscles as a result of electrical stunning

Question 55

What is the most expensive part of research trials?

Answer 55

Clinical trial

Question 56

What are the 3 phases of clinical trials?

Answer 56

Phase 1: Healthy volunteers - safety Phase 2: Volunteers with condition - safety and efficacy Phase 3: Randomized control study - efficacy

Question 57

What are the 3Rs?

Answer 57

Reduce # of animals used Refine methods Replace animal models with other systems

Question 58

What is serial testing?

Answer 58

Retesting positives

Question 59

What is parallel testing?

Answer 59

Retesting negatives

Question 60

Is an animal considered an animal if it is dead?

Answer 60

Yes

Question 61

What 3 animals aren't considered animals in research?

Answer 61

Birds, rats, mice

Question 62

What is the definition of an animal for public health services?

Answer 62

Any vertebrate Vertebrates are covered at OSU

Question 63

What does IACUC stand for?

Answer 63

Institutional animal care use committee

Question 64

What are the members of IACUC?

Answer 64

DVM Member of the community Scientist

Question 65

In parallel, patient is considered negative only if _____ tests are negative

Answer 65

both

Question 66

In serial, patient is considered positive only if ______ testers are positive

Answer 66

both

Question 67

Which type of testing will increase sensitivity?

Answer 67

Parallel testing

Question 68

Which type of testing will increase specificity?

Answer 68

Serial testing

Question 69

Does parallel or series improve sensitivity?

Answer 69

Parallel