Bio 112 Review Flashcards
(33 cards)
What creates ions?
The loss or gain of electrons.
What is an ion?
Any atom that has an unequal amount of electrons to protons, therefore carrying a charge.
What type of bond results from the formation of ions?
Ionic bond.
What is a cation?
Positively charged ion; metal loses one or more electrons.
What is an anion?
Negatively charged ion; nonmetal gains one or more electrons.
What is a solvent?
A liquid that can dissolve other substances.
What is a solution?
One or more solutes dispersed in a solvent.
What is a hydrophilic substance?
A substance that readily dissolves in water.
What is a hydrophobic substance?
A substance that resists dissolving in water.
What is a suspension?
A mixture containing two or more components with large, unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed.
What is a colloid?
A mixture of two or more components with small, evenly distributed particles that will not settle out.
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7.0.
What substance increases the level of H+ in a solution?
Acid.
What substance increases the level of OH- in a solution?
Base.
What is a buffer?
A substance that minimizes changes to pH.
What is the primary buffer in our blood?
Carbonic acid.
What is the smallest unit that has the properties of life?
Cell.
What are the two functions of the plasma membrane?
- Shape
- Protection from the outside world.
What model describes the composition and movement of cell membranes?
Fluid mosaic model.
What are the two types of transport processes across the plasma membrane?
- Passive processes
- Active processes.
What is osmosis?
Passive process where solvent (usually water) moves across the membrane.
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other.
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution with a higher concentration of solute.
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution with a lower concentration of solute.
