Joints

Question 1

What are joints?

Answer 1

Functional junctions between bones

Joints enable a wide variety of body movements.

Question 2

What are the three classifications of joints based on movement?

Answer 2

• Synarthrosis - immovable
• Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable
• Diarthrosis - freely movable

Question 3

What is a joint a point of contact between?

Answer 3

• Two or more bones
• Cartilage and bone
• Teeth and bone

Question 4

What is eversion in joint movement?

Answer 4

Plantar turns superior and laterally

Question 5

What is inversion in joint movement?

Answer 5

Plantar turns superior and medially

Question 6

What does the ligament of the head of the femur do?

Answer 6

Extends from the fossa of the acetabulum to the fovea capitis of the femur

Question 7

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

Answer 7

Fibrocartilage that enhances the depth of the acetabulum, preventing dislocation

Question 8

What are the three distinct joints of the knee joint?

Answer 8

• Tibiofemoral joint (lateral)
• Tibiofemoral joint (medial)
• Patellofemoral joint

Question 9

What is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

Answer 9

Extends from the tibia to the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 10

What percentage of serious knee injuries are more likely in females?

Answer 10

70%

Question 11

What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

Answer 11

Prevents the tibia from sliding when you flex your knee

Question 12

What does the fibular collateral ligament connect?

Answer 12

Connects the lateral condyle of the femur to the fibula

Question 13

What does the tibial collateral ligament connect?

Answer 13

Connects the medial condyle of the femur to the tibia

Question 14

What is abduction in joint movement?

Answer 14

Movement away from the midline

Question 15

What is adduction in joint movement?

Answer 15

Movement toward the midline

Question 16

What is circumduction?

Answer 16

Movement of the distal section of the body in a circle

Question 17

What is the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 17

The joint between the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Question 18

What is the function of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 18

Separates the synovial cavity into superior and inferior compartments

Question 19

What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 19

Prevents hyperextension of the femur

Question 20

What is the strongest ligament of the body?

Answer 20

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 21

What is tennis elbow?

Answer 21

Pain at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus usually due to an improper backhand

Question 22

What is little-league elbow?

Answer 22

Inflammation of the medial epicondyle due to heavy pitching

Question 23

What type of joint is the elbow?

Answer 23

Hinge joint

Question 24

What are the characteristics of a pivot joint?

Answer 24

A cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and fibrous tissue

Question 25

What type of joint is formed between the trapezium and the first metacarpal?

Answer 25

Saddle joint

Question 26

What are factors affecting contact and range of motion at synovial joints?

Answer 26

* Structure and shape of the articulating bones * Strength and tautness of the joint ligaments * Arrangement and tension of the muscles * Contact of soft parts * Hormones * Disuse

Question 27

What is the sphenomandibular ligament?

Answer 27

Extends from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the ramus of the mandible

Question 28

What is the glenohumeral ligament?

Answer 28

Extends from the glenoid cavity to the lesser tubercle and neck of the humerus

Question 29

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

Answer 29

Holds the biceps brachii muscle

Question 30

What is a ball-and-socket joint?

Answer 30

Allows a very wide range of motion, examples include the shoulder and hip joints

Question 31

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 31

* Synchondrosis - hyaline cartilage * Symphyses - fibrocartilage

Question 32

What are the common joint disorders?

Answer 32

* Rheumatism * Arthritis * Osteoarthritis * Rheumatoid arthritis * Lyme disease

Question 33

What is bursitis?

Answer 33

Chronic inflammation caused by trauma, arthritis, or infection

Question 34

What is the purpose of bursae?

Answer 34

Cushion movement of one body part over another

Question 35

What does PRICE stand for in injury treatment?

Answer 35

* Protection * Rest * Ice * Compression * Elevation

Question 36

What happens to joints as we age?

Answer 36

* Decreased production of synovial fluid * Thinning of articular cartilage * Loss of ligament length and flexibility

Question 37

What is arthroplasty?

Answer 37

Joint replacement surgery to counter effects of aging

Question 38

What is a meniscus?

Answer 38

Fibrous cartilage that lies between articular surfaces, allowing separate movements

Question 39

What is a sprain?

Answer 39

Forcible twisting of a joint leading to stretching or tearing of ligaments

Question 40

What is a strain?

Answer 40

Stretched or partially torn muscle or tendon