Skeletal

Question 1

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

Answer 1

80 bones including skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column.

Question 2

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 2

126 bones including bones of the upper and lower limbs and girdles connecting limbs to axial skeleton.

Question 3

Name two major divisions of the skeletal system.

Answer 3

• Axial skeleton
• Appendicular skeleton

Question 4

What is the function of the foramen magnum?

Answer 4

Allows the medulla oblongata to connect to the spinal cord.

Question 5

What bones form the sides and base of the cranium?

Answer 5

Temporal bones.

Question 6

True or False: The occipital bone is located at the front of the skull.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What is the external acoustic meatus?

Answer 7

The ear canal.

Question 8

What do the occipital condyles articulate with?

Answer 8

The first vertebrae (atlas).

Question 9

What are the parietal bones known for?

Answer 9

Lying at the sides of the skull, joining along the midline sagittal suture.

Question 10

What is the significance of the sella turcica?

Answer 10

Houses the pituitary gland.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The _______ forms the upper jaw.

Answer 11

Maxillae

Question 12

What is spina bifida?

Answer 12

A congenital defect of the vertebral column where laminae do not develop normally.

Question 13

How many immovable bones are in the facial skeleton?

Answer 13

13 immovable bones and one movable lower jawbone.

Question 14

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to?

Answer 14

Forms part of the orbits and the nasal septum.

Question 15

What is the primary function of the frontal bone?

Answer 15

Forms the forehead and contains the frontal sinuses.

Question 16

What are the types of bone surface markings?

Answer 16

• Depressions and openings
• Processes

Question 17

What is the purpose of sutural bones?

Answer 17

Small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones.

Question 18

What type of bone is characterized by complex shapes?

Answer 18

Irregular bones.

Question 19

What is the definition of a fossa?

Answer 19

A shallow depression.

Question 20

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 20

Enhance the voice and moisten the nasal mucosa.

Question 21

What does the mandible articulate with to form the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 21

Temporal bone.

Question 22

What are fontanels?

Answer 22

Mesenchyme-filled spaces between cranial bones present at birth.

Question 23

What is the role of the hyoid bone?

Answer 23

Supports the tongue by attaching to muscles.

Question 24

What is the vertebral body responsible for?

Answer 24

Weight bearing.

Question 25

What do the pedicles and lamina form?

Answer 25

The vertebral arch.

Question 26

What are the two types of processes that allow for muscle attachment to the spine?

Answer 26

* Transverse processes * Spinous processes

Question 27

What are the superior and inferior articular processes used for?

Answer 27

Form joints with adjacent vertebrae.

Question 28

What is the primary function of the vertebral body?

Answer 28

Weight bearing

Question 29

What structures form the vertebral arch?

Answer 29

Pedicles and lamina

Question 30

What do the transverse and spinous processes allow for?

Answer 30

Attachments of muscles to the spine

Question 31

What are the joints formed by the superior and inferior articular processes called?

Answer 31

Facets

Question 32

What type of cartilage covers the facets?

Answer 32

Hyaline cartilage

Question 33

What is a common disorder that can affect the vertebral column?

Answer 33

Herniated disc

Question 34

What happens to the nucleus pulposus in a herniated disc?

Answer 34

It leaks out due to a tear in the annulus fibrosus

Question 35

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

Answer 35

26 vertebrae

Question 36

What are the five regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 36

* Cervical * Thoracic * Lumbar * Sacral * Coccyx

Question 37

What are the four curves of the vertebral column?

Answer 37

* Cervical * Thoracic * Lumbar * Sacral

Question 38

What are palatine bones and where are they located?

Answer 38

L-shaped bones located behind the maxillae that form the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity and the posterior portion of the hard palate

Question 39

What do zygomatic bones form?

Answer 39

Cheekbones and lateral walls of the orbits

Question 40

What is the function of lacrimal bones?

Answer 40

Form part of the medial walls of the orbits and house the lacrimal sac

Question 41

What do nasal bones form?

Answer 41

The bridge of the nose

Question 42

What is the sternum also known as?

Answer 42

Breastbone

Question 43

What are the three segments of the sternum?

Answer 43

* Manubrium * Body * Xiphoid process

Question 44

How many pairs of ribs do humans normally have?

Answer 44

12 pairs

Question 45

What are the first seven pairs of ribs called?

Answer 45

True ribs (vertebrosternal ribs)

Question 46

What are the last two pairs of ribs known as?

Answer 46

Floating ribs (vertebral ribs)

Question 47

What is the sacrum composed of?

Answer 47

Five vertebrae fused together into one bone

Question 48

What is the apex in relation to the sacrum?

Answer 48

The narrow inferior section

Question 49

What is the coccyx composed of?

Answer 49

Typically four fused vertebrae

Question 50

What is the main function of intervertebral discs?

Answer 50

Absorb shock and create spaces between vertebrae

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The outer ring of fibrocartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus is called the _______.

Answer 51

Annulus fibrosus

Question 52

True or False: The first vertebra is called the atlas and supports the head.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What distinguishes cervical vertebrae from other vertebrae?

Answer 53

Bifid spinous processes and transverse foramina

Question 54

What is the role of the thoracic cage?

Answer 54

Supports the pectoral girdle and upper limbs, protects viscera, and plays a role in breathing

Question 55

What is the significance of the jugular notch?

Answer 55

It is a feature of the manubrium of the sternum