Introduction

Question 1

What are the two types of membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Answer 1

Parietal and Visceral

Parietal attaches to the wall cavity and Visceral covers the internal organ.

Question 2

What surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 2

Pericardial membranes

The parietal pericardium makes up an outer sac and the visceral pericardium covers the heart.

Question 3

What is the function of serous fluid in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 3

Separates the two layers of membranes

It lubricates the organs.

Question 4

What type of membranes line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs?

Answer 4

Pleural membranes

The parietal pleura lines the cavities while the visceral pleura covers the lungs.

Question 5

What are the two main disciplines of study in human anatomy and physiology?

Answer 5

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy deals with structure, while Physiology studies functions.

Question 6

What is the simplest level of structural organization in the body?

Answer 6

Atoms

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Two or more atoms comprise a _______.

Answer 7

Molecule

Question 8

What are large, biologically important molecules inside cells called?

Answer 8

Macromolecules

Question 9

What are aggregates of macromolecules used to carry out specific functions in cells?

Answer 9

Organelles

Question 10

What is the basic living unit of the body?

Answer 10

Cells

Question 11

What is the term for groups of cells functioning together?

Answer 11

Tissues

Question 12

What do groups of tissues form?

Answer 12

Organs

Question 13

What term describes groups of organs functioning together?

Answer 13

Organ systems

Question 14

What is the term for organisms made up of organ systems functioning together?

Answer 14

Organism

Question 15

What are the fundamental characteristics of life shared by all organisms?

Answer 15

• Movement
• Responsiveness
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Respiration
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Circulation
• Assimilation
• Excretion

Taken together, these characteristics constitute metabolism.

Question 16

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 16

Skin, hair, nails, and various glands

Question 17

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 17

Distributes oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Question 18

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

Answer 18

Diaphragm

Question 19

What are the organs within the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities called?

Answer 19

Viscera

Question 20

What is homeostasis?

Answer 20

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 21

What components are involved in homeostatic control systems?

Answer 21

• Receptors
• Set point
• Effectors

Question 22

What is the role of the diaphragm in the body?

Answer 22

Separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 23

What term describes the postmortem examination of the body?

Answer 23

Autopsy

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The _______ system is responsible for gas exchange between blood and air.

Answer 24

Respiratory

Question 25

What does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 25

* Mouth * Esophagus * Stomach * Intestines * Accessory organs

Question 26

What are the nine regions of the abdominal area?

Answer 26

* Right Hypochondriac * Left Hypochondriac * Right Lumbar * Left Lumbar * Right Iliac * Left Iliac * Epigastric * Umbilical * Pelvic

Question 27

What are the four abdominal quadrants?

Answer 27

* Right upper quadrant (RUQ) * Left upper quadrant (LUQ) * Right lower quadrant (RLQ) * Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 28

What is the term for the movement of substances through membranes and into fluids?

Answer 28

Absorption

Question 29

What is the term for the breakdown of food into simpler forms?

Answer 29

Digestion

Question 30

What is the term for the removal of metabolic wastes?

Answer 30

Excretion

Question 31

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 31

Drains excess tissue fluid and includes cells of immunity

Question 32

True or False: Homeostasis can lead to disease and disorder if disrupted.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What are the main components of the digestive system?

Answer 33

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs ## Footnote The digestive system receives, breaks down, and absorbs nutrients.

Question 34

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 34

Exchanges gases between the blood and air ## Footnote It includes the lungs and passageways.

Question 35

Which organs make up the urinary system?

Answer 35

The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra ## Footnote The urinary system removes wastes from the blood and helps to maintain water and electrolyte balance.

Question 36

What is the term for the anatomical position?

Answer 36

Body erect, face forward, upper limbs at sides with palms forward ## Footnote This is the standard reference position for anatomical terminology.

Question 37

Define 'superior' in terms of relative position.

Answer 37

Above ## Footnote It indicates a location that is higher than another structure.

Question 38

What does 'inferior' mean in anatomical terms?

Answer 38

Below ## Footnote It indicates a location that is lower than another structure.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The _______ system produces new organisms.

Answer 39

reproductive ## Footnote The reproductive system consists of male and female organs that facilitate reproduction.

Question 40

What structures are included in the male reproductive system?

Answer 40

Testes, accessory organs, and vessels that conduct sperm to the penis ## Footnote These components are essential for sperm production and delivery.

Question 41

What components make up the female reproductive system?

Answer 41

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia ## Footnote The female reproductive system also houses the developing offspring.

Question 42

What is a sagittal section?

Answer 42

A division of the body into right and left portions ## Footnote If it divides equally, it's called a median, otherwise it's parasagittal.

Question 43

What does a transverse section do?

Answer 43

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions ## Footnote This is also known as a horizontal section.

Question 44

What is the definition of the term 'medial'?

Answer 44

Toward the midline of the body ## Footnote It is used to describe the location of a structure relative to the midline.

Question 45

What does 'lateral' mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 45

Away from the midline ## Footnote It indicates a structure that is further from the center of the body.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The _______ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Answer 46

frontal ## Footnote Also known as the coronal plane.

Question 47

What is the anatomical term for lying face-up?

Answer 47

Supine ## Footnote This position is opposite of prone, which is lying facedown.

Question 48

What does 'proximal' refer to?

Answer 48

Closer to the point of attachment or origin ## Footnote This term is used when discussing the same body part.

Question 49

Define 'distal'.

Answer 49

Farther from the point of attachment or origin ## Footnote This term is also used when discussing the same body part.

Question 50

True or False: The term 'ipsilateral' refers to structures on opposite sides of the body.

Answer 50

False ## Footnote Ipsilateral means on the same side of a structure.

Question 51

True or False: The term 'contralateral' refers to structures on the same side of the body.

Answer 51

False ## Footnote Contralateral means on the opposite side of a structure.

Question 52

What is the definition of 'superficial'?

Answer 52

Closer to the surface of the body ## Footnote It indicates a location that is nearer to the outer layer.

Question 53

What does 'deep' refer to in anatomical terms?

Answer 53

Farther from the surface of the body ## Footnote It indicates a location that is further away from the outer layer.

Question 54

List three terms of relative position.

Answer 54

* Superior * Inferior * Anterior ## Footnote These terms describe the location of one body part in relation to another.

Question 55

What is the significance of medical imaging?

Answer 55

Allows physicians to view images of the human body to diagnose anatomical and physiological abnormalities ## Footnote Medical imaging techniques are crucial for modern diagnostics.